Germany 1918 1924'

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Germany 1918 1924.

• GSCE Revision.

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Break it down..

• Versailles Weimar.
• The Depression Hitlers Rise to Power.
• The Consolidation of Power.
• Life in Nazi Germany.
• Germany During WWII.

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On a Need to Know Basis

• Who was there what they wanted?
• What was decided?
• What were the reactions to the Treaty?

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The BIG THREE were the main people Wilson
USA Lloyd George UK Clemenceau France Germany
NOT invited.
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WILSON - wanted a Fair peace main priority
was the League of Nations.
Clemenceau A Harsh peace. To make Germany
pay!!!
Lloyd George Fair peace Germany to begin
trading again.
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Even thought he Allies wanted peace, many people
also thought that the decisions they made were
influenced by their own interests.
Image from http//history.acusd.edu/gen/text/vers
aillestreaty/vercontents.html
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Blame
B

• Blamed for starting the war.
• League of Nations to be set up.
• Armed forces.
• Money/Reparations.
• Existing land reduced.

L
A
M
E
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Blame

• Germany were BLAMED for starting the
• war. This was called the war guilt clause.
• It was numbered 231. They had to accept
• responsibility for starting the war.
• If the Allies made them sign this they would
• be justified in making a harsh peace.

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Blame

• League of Nations.
• This was Wilsons idea to set up an
• international police force to keep world
• peace.
• Germany was not allowed to join.

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Blame

• Armed Forces.
• The German army was reduced to 100, 000
• men. The navy was also reduced 6 warships
• and no submarines. No air force was allowed.
• The army was so small it could not defend
• Germany if she was attacked.

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Blame

• Money Reparations - Compensation.
• Germany had to pay for the damage caused.
• She signed a blank cheque at Versailles because
• they did not decide the amount. This happened
• in 1921.
• The amount that was set was 6,600 million
• (6.6 billion).

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Blame

• Existing land was reduced.
• The Allies weakened Germany so that she
• would never start another war. They did this
• by taking her land from her. Two of the most
• important decisions were that Alsace-Lorraine
• was given back to France and that Germany was not
  
• allowed to unite with Austria.

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How Did the Germans Feel?
Angry, bitter, hurt, disappointed. Many Germans
felt humiliated. They thought that they had been
unfairly treated. They had signed the Treaty
based on Wilsons 14 Points. The 14 Points had
not been taken up. The treaty was called the
Diktat dictated peace.
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Germany Exam Paper.

• 1 Hour in length.
• Section A deals with Evidence. Spend 30
  minutes on it.
• Section B Factual, a choice. Spend 30 minutes
  on it.
• There will be hints in Section A for B.
• Never leave anything blank.

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Section A.

• Hardest on the paper as it deals with evidence.
  Always the same.
• A 3 marks. Something from the source, something
  from your own knowledge.
• B 4 marks. 2 things from the source, 2 things
  from your own knowledge.
• C 5 marks. Always usefulness. Follow the
  formula.
• D 8 marks. Always a quote, tests reliability,
  memory and attribution.

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Question A.

• What does source A tell
• us about the German
• reaction to the Treaty of
• Versailles? 3

Something from the source, something from your
own knowledge.
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Question B.
Source B. A simplistic view of the Treaty of
Versailles. The Allies dealt with a number of
things. They reduced the army, made Germany pay
reparations, took away her land. KS3 School
History Book

• According to Source B,
• how was Germany
• affected by the Treaty of
• Versailles? 4

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Question C.
Through the door appear 6 soldiers in single
file2 German representatives. The silence is
terrifying2000 staring eyesthey are deathly
pale, it is all very painful. Clemenceau says
we are here to sign a Treaty of Peace. We kept
our seats while the Germans were led like
prisoners from the dock. Harold Nicholson,
1919, British representative at Versailles.

• How useful is this
• source to a historian
• studying the German
• feelings of unfairness of
• the Treaty of Versailles?
• 5

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Source D.

• The reparations Germany had to
• pay was not much. In the 6 yrs.
• Before World War Two Hitler
• spent 7 times as much rearming
• the country. In 1919 a strong
• Germany was left surrounded by
• small states
• Etienne Mantoux a French Historian 1945.

• In source D, the author is
• suggesting that the
• Treaty of Versailles was
• fair and the Germans
• chose not to stick to it.
• Is this interpretation a
• fair one?

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Key Events from Versailles to Munich.

• Uprisings in Germany after the end of WWI. The
  country is near to Civil War.
• Problems of the Weimar Constitution.
• Invasion of the Ruhr.
• Munich Putsch.

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OVERVIEW 1918 - 1924
French invade Ruhr. Hyper-inflation sets in.
Reparations figure decided.
War ends.
1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924
Stresemann begins to get Germany back on track
Germany misses her 2nd reparations payment
Treaty signed. Uprisings in Berlin.
END