SOCIAL STUDIES 30

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SOCIAL STUDIES 30

• CHAPTER 9 UNITED NATIONS

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SECRETARY GENERAL

• Koffi Annan

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Security Council

• Big Five- GB, France, U.S., Russia, China
• Veto power
• 1946-64- Soviets use veto power 103x
• Most powerful organization in U.N.
• 10 non-permanent members every 2 years

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General Assembly

• Almost 200 countries sit in here
• Uniting for Peace
• Positive forum for debate diplomacy
• Positive international conferences on universal
  subjects
• Negative recommendations can be ignored by
  individual states without punishment. Enforce via
  cooperation goodwill

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General Assembly

• U.S. covers about 25 of U.N. budget
• 10 largest nations contribute most but only 7
  of votes
• Japan contributes about 12
• Negative American domination of U.N. regarding
  fee schedule
• Negative cost of operations Korea - 200
  million Congo (400 million)
• Negative countries wont engage in operation
  b/c too expensive
• Option force countries to support standing
  global army? Force to pay 1 of GDP to U.N.?

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SECRETARIAT
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Peacekeeping
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Other branches / organizations

• World Bank
• International Monetary Fund
• World Health Organization
• Food Agriculture Organization

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International Court of Justice - Hague

• 15 judges
• Decisions reached by majority vote
• Only nation-states can bring cases to the court
• Negative / Positive distrust of court U.N
  no compulsory arbitration of disputes among
  nations
• Appearance is voluntary decisions are not
  binding
• Positive give advice on matters of
  international law
• Positive exposure to rest of world

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Korean War

• Korea was under Japanese control during WW II
• Korea divided at end of WW II along 38th parallel
• USSR occupy north / U.S. occupy south
• Both to establish permanent government then
  leave

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Korean Conflict cont

• U.N. ruled for elections in Korea under U.N.
  supervision
• North Korea refused them entry Soviets set up
  Communist regime
• South Korea has elections
• 1949 both superpowers leave
• 1950 North attacks the South

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COLLECTIVE SECURITY

• Security Council declares attack breach of peace
• Americans supplied most of soldiers supplies
• U.N. led by General Douglas MacArthur fight upto
  Yalu River (near China)
• Chinese invade escalate conflict fear of U.S.
  near new communist capital of Beijing

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War continued

• 1951- Peace talks China rejects UN cease-fire
  were branded aggressor
• UN places embargo on arms, war material,
  petroleum to China N. Korea
• No agreement on Korea and hostile forces on
  border today

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Korean War Results

• Negative difficulties of collective security
• Negative lack of cohesion among world powers
• Negative members allowed to decide what, if
  any, support they would give
• Negative cost of war almost bankrupt
  organization
• Negative Soviets refuse to pay their share of
  costs
• Negative U.N. intervention did not end conflict
• Negative death toll?
• Positive UN did intervene unlike old League of
  Nations shows a willingness to take action
• Positive still showed collective security
  somewhat effective 15 nations with 40 other
  nations supplying medical economic aid

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TRUMAN VS. MacARTHUR

• MacArthur wanted to use the bomb
• Truman brought him home fired him
• Q MacArthur wanted to use the atomic bomb. He
  told a French television reporter, a French
  journalist who went in to see him and he said,
  "Give me a handful of bombs and I'll take care of
  the China industrial bases." What did he want to
  do this for? I think one has the sense that the
  Truman administration thought they were dealing
  with a madman. Did he have rational goals in
  terms of the use of nuclear weapons? Did he
  recognize any constraints of the nuclear age?
• DINGMAN General MacArthur at the Surrender
  ceremonies aboard the Missouri, September of
  1945, talked about nuclear weapons making war
  obsolete. What happens in June of 1950? A totally
  unexpected war, which nobody thought could
  happen, which challenges that proposition. I
  don't think that General MacArthur really ever
  wanted to use nuclear weapons. I think he was
  quite capable of talking to journalists in
  private, and people who came to visit him, about
  the possibility of this sort of thing, but I
  think that what he really wanted to do was to
  bring an end to the Korean War. The way to do
  that in his view was to punish the Chinese in a
  way which would make them realize that a
  protracted war of attrition with a loss of many
  lives in Korea was futile. And so that he was
  prepared to do things which were dramatic, such
  as cross the Yalu and impose a blockade on the
  Chinese. He would talk about the possibility of
  using weapons of destruction against Chinese
  cities that would accelerate the process of the
  people in China coming to their senses, and
  realizing that they were not going to drive
  United States off the Korean peninsula.
  Therefore, the purpose of these dramatic
  statements that he makes is to convey this sense
  that there is a need to take a dramatic action
  which will bring an end to the fighting in Korea.

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SYNGMAN RHEE

• PRESIDENT OF SOUTH KOREA
• ANTI-COMMUNIST

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Congo
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lebanon
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SOMALIA
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rwanda
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