HEATLH AND WELLNESS

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HEATLH AND WELLNESS
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Health

• What is your definition of Health?

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World Health Organization (WHO) Definition

• a state of complete physical, mental, and social
  well-being, not merely the absence of disease or
  infirmity (1947)
• What does this mean?

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Health-IllnessContinuum
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Health

• Other aspects to consider
• Health is a state of being that people define in
  relation to their own values, personality, and
  lifestyle
• Views on health vary among different age groups,
  gender, race and culture
• Views on health have broadened to include mental,
  social, and spiritual well-being

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Health Beliefs

• Ideas, convictions and attitudes a person holds
  about health and illness

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Models of Health and Illness

• Health Belief Model (Figure 6-1, p. 92)
• Health Promotion Model (Figure 6-2, p. 93
• Holistic Health Model
• Basic Human Needs Model (Figure 6-3, p. 94)

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Health Belief Model

• Three components
• Perception of threat
• Perception of seriousness
• Likelihood of preventive action

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Health Belief Model

• Looks at relationships between a persons beliefs
  and behaviors
• Used to understand and predict how clients will
  behave in relation to their health care therapies
• Helps nurses understand what influences a persons
  perceptions and beliefs in order to plan care
  that will assist client to maintain or restore
  health and prevent illness.

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Health Promotion Model

• Three focus areas
• Individual characteristics and experiences
• Behavior specific knowledge and affect
• Behavioral outcomes

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Health Promotion Model

• Defines health as a positive, dynamic state, not
  merely the absence of disease
• Goal is to increase level of well-being
• Describes multidimensional nature of individuals
  as they interact within environment to pursue
  health
• Highlights factors which increase individual
  well-being and self-actualization

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Holistic Health Model

• Involved clients are more likely to assume
  responsibility for health maintenance.
• Considers physical, psychosocial, emotional and
  spiritual well-being
• Creates conditions that promote optimal health
• Clients are considered EXPERTS about their own
  health
• Encourages complimentary and alternative
  therapies

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Basic Human Needs Model

• Used to understand interrelationships of basic
  human needs
• Physiologic needs take precedence over higher
  level needs
• Can help nurse set priorities for the individual
  client when planning care

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• Why should nurses be aware of Health Models?

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Variables Influencing Health Beliefs and
Practices

• Internal Variables
• Developmental stage
• Intellectual background
• Perceptions of function
• Emotional or spiritual factors

• External variable
• Family practices
• Socioeconomic factors
• Cultural background

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• Why should nurses be aware of these variables?

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Health Promotion

• Activities that help client maintain or enhance
  present level of health
• Motivates person to act positively to reach a
  more stable level of health
• Encourages self autonomy and responsibility for
  health
• Can be passive or active

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Wellness

• Often equated with health
• Living life to the fullest potential
• Achieved through understanding and control of
  lives
• Teaches patient how to care for themselves

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Illness Prevention

• Protect from actual or potential threats to
  health
• Activities which motivate client to avoid
  declines in health or functional status

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• What role does the nurse play in health
  promotion, wellness, and illness prevention?

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Levels of Preventive Care

• Primary
• Health promotion
• Specific protection
• Secondary
• Early diagnosis and prompt treatment
• Disability limitations
• Tertiary
• Restoration and rehabilitation

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Risk Factors

• Any situation, habit, environmental condition,
  physiological condition or other variable that
  increases vulnerability to an illness or
  accident.
• Include
• Physiologic factors
• Genetic factors
• Age
• Environment
• Lifestyle

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Risk Modification

• What risk factors can be modified?
• How can they be modified?

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• What role do nurses play in dealing with risk
  factors?
• Which of Benners domains apply to that nursing
  role?

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Illness

• A state in which a persons physical, emotional,
  intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual
  functioning is diminished or impaired compared
  with previous experience.

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Illness

• Acute Illness
• Short duration and severe
• Abrupt onset of symptoms
• Symptoms usually intense and subside after a
  short time
• May affect functioning in any dimension
• Can be life threatening

• Chronic Illness
• Persists gt 6 mo.
• Affects functioning in any dimension
• Client fluctuates between maximal functioning and
  serious health relapses which may be life
  threatening
• Leading health problem in US

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• What is the goal of management in chronic
  illness?
• What is the major nursing role in chronic
  illness?
• What is the nurses role as we deal with the
  impact of illness on the client and family?