Academic Writing for Graduates

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Academic Writing for Graduate
Students
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Questions

• What do you find difficult about Academic
  Writing?
• What do you know about writing in your field?
• What do you need to know?
• Please take a couple of minutes to discuss with
  your neighbors and then share

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Structure and Language in Academic Writing

• Writing Introductions - the CARS Model
• Writing Abstracts
• Writing Resources

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I. The CARS Model

• The Introduction section of research papers
  typically follows a specific pattern
• This rhetorical pattern is referred to as the
  create-a-research-space (CARS) Model
• In this model, the work of others and/or what is
  known about the topic is primary and your own
  work is secondary
• This is also called a background/foreground
  relationship

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3 Moves

• The CARS model has 3 rhetorical moves
• Move 1 Establishing a research territory
• Move 2 Establishing a niche
• Move 3 Occupying the niche

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Move 1 Establishing a research territory

• a. show that the general area is important,
  problematic, or relevant in some way (optional)
• Language examples
• Recently, there has been a growing interest in
• The development of is a classic problem in
• A central issue is
• The relationship betweenandhas been
  investigated by many researchers

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Move 1 Establishing a research territory

• b. introduce and review items of previous
  research in the area (obligatory)
• The literature review can be organized
• Beginning with established major theories then
  moving to theories associated with individual
  authors
• In chronological order
• According to the theories topics or findings

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Move 2 Establishing a niche

• Indicate a gap in the previous research, or
  extend previous knowledge in some way
  (obligatory)
• Language examples
• However, little information(attention, work,
  data, research, few studies, investigations,
  researchers, attempts)
• The research tended to focus on
• These studies have emphasized,as opposed to

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Move 3 Occupying the niche

• a. outline purposes or state the nature of
  present research (obligatory)
• b. list research questions or hypothesis
• c. announce principal findings
• d. state the value of the present research
• e. indicate the structure of the research paper

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Practice!

• Please look at the introductions Ive handed out.
• With a partner, please review the introduction
  and try to identify the 3 Moves.
• What language and content indicated a rhetorical
  shift?

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II. Abstracts

• Two main approaches
• Results-driven Abstracts
• Research paper summary Abstract
• Note the structured abstract used in the medical
  field has been spreading as well

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Results-Driven Abstracts

• This type of abstract concentrates on
• the research findings
• what might be concluded from the research
  findings

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Sources

• Top custom term papers assistance on the web.
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_paper
• http//www.papermoz.com/term-papers/