Tim Cantrell

1
Colonial Wars
LCC

• Tim Cantrell

2
Introduction-1

• Growing away process continued for the colonies
  despite the regulations England made. Hat Act,
  1699-no hats sold outside the colony that
  produced them 2. Molasses
  Act 1733- 6 cents per gallon tax on foreign
  molasses imported to the colonies. 3. Iron Act,
  1752-no finished products to be made in the
  colonies. These laws were not enforced. Neglect
  continued

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Colonial Wars-2

• English vs. French-England had more people.(1.5
  million by 1750) England had a large navy.
  French had economic interest in fur trade and
  only about 60,000 people. French had a unified
  command and more regular troops. French also had
  Indian allies. They fought 4 major wars between
  1689 1763. All the wars except the last one
  started in Europe and spread to the colonies.
  Fr. I. War started in the Am.

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The Wars-3

• King Williams War-1689-1697-not much fighting in
  America. Some Indian raids in New England.
  Ended in stalemate
  
• Queen Annes War-1701-1713-fighting in both N.
  S. with Spanish and French. Ended with the
  Treaty of Utrecht, 1713-England got Gibraltar and
  1/2 of Canada
• King Georges War-1742-1748-Again not much
  fighting. Colonies disorganized. Albany Plan of
  1754

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Wars, Contd-4

• French Indian War-1754-1763-Started in Ohio
  Valley-George Washington was sent to tell Fr. to
  leave the area. Retreat- Next year, Braddocks
  Retreat. William Pitt saved the country with
  leadership and reversing the defeats. Took Ft.
  Duquesne in 1758 and Quebec in 1759. Wolfe vs.
  Montcalm-Battle for N. America
• Treaty of Paris, 1763-England got all of N.
  America and Spanish Florida from Spain.

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Significance-5

• England doubled the size of her empire and had to
  change policies-expensive-needed the colonies to
  pay part of the cost. English national debt had
  tripled since 1754. All this came at the same
  time as 22 year old George III came to power. He
  wanted his power felt in America. Resulted in
  policy changes.
• Proclamation Line of 1763-No Westward movement by
  colonials-show map

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New Policies-6

• Sugar Act-tariff reduced to 2 cents per gallon,
  but enforced-customs agents to serve personally
  in the colonies
  
• Currency Act-No paper money to be printed in the
  colonies.
  
• Stamp Act, 1765-direct tax-most protest-Led to
  Stamp Act Congress, boycott, and the slogan
  taxation without representation Virtual vs.
  Actual representation

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Reaction-7

• Sons of Liberty-Sam Adams-violence against
  British officials
  
• Declaratory Act, 1766-repealed Stamp Act, but
  declared British had the right to tax.
  
• Townshend Duties, 1768-tax on importation of tea,
  lead, paper, paint, and glass. Colonials
  questioned its purpose and boycotted again.
  Repealed, 1770 except for the tea tax.

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Incidents of the 1770s-8

• Boston Massacre-1770-British troops defended by
  John Adams and acquitted. Propaganda effect of
  picture by Revere
  
• Gaspee Incident, 1772
• Tea Act, 1773-supposed to make tea cheaper by
  bypassing colonial merchant and the tax in
  England. Led to
  
• Boston Tea Party, December, 1773-led by the Sons
  of Liberty and Sam Adams. 50 men involved. Led
  to

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British Reaction-9

• Coercive Acts, 1774-(Intolerable Acts)-These acts
  included the Boston Port Bill, Quartering Act,
  Administration of Justice Act, and the
  Massachusetts Government Act. At the same time,
  the British also passed the Quebec Act, extending
  Canada to the Ohio River and allowing toleration
  of Catholics and the French language.

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Reactions-10

• Committees of Correspondence got the word out to
  all the colonies and Virginians called for the
  First Continental Congress-1774-All colonies
  except for Georgia attended and they initiated 1.
  A protest to the King 2. Another boycott 3. A
  resolve to meet again the following Spring.
  Before that second meeting occurred, fighting
  broke out at Lexington Concord in MA

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Conclusion

• By 1775, the colonies no longer needed the mother
  country like they once did when they were
  threatened by the French. Now these differences
  had led to violence and independence was the next
  logical step.