PENDAHULUAN

1
PENDAHULUAN
2
PERANGKAP DALAM PEMIKIRAN EKONOMI

1. Kegagalan untuk menjaga HaL-hal lainnya Sama
2. Kekeliruan Post Hoc
3. Seluruhnya dan Sebagian Kekeliruan Komposisi
4. Subjektivitas

3
BINATANG APA ????
4
BINATANG APA ????
5
HUKUM KELANGKAAN
PARADOK KEINGINAN DAN KEBUTUHAN
6
Microeconomics vs. Macroeconomnics

• Micro mepelajari bagaimana households and firms
  membuat keputusan and bagaimana mereka
  berinteraksi dengan pasar.
• Macro mempelajari fenomena ekonomi secara luas,
  termasuk inflasi, pengangguran dan pertumbuhan

7
Ilmu Ekonomi Normatif vs Positif
IE Positif
Fakta dan Perilaku dlm Perekonomian (claims that
attempt to describe the world as it is).
IE Normatif
Ajaran etika dan pertimbangan nilai (claims that
attempt to prescribe how the world should be).
8
ILMU EKONOMI MENURUT SAMUELSON
Studi tentang perilaku masy. Dlm menggunakan
sumberdaya yang langka untuk memproduksi berbagai
komoditi, untuk disalurkan ke individu dan
kelompok lain dalam masyarakat
9
Mankiw menyimpulkan Ilmu Ekonomi dalam 10 prinsip
10
1. People face trade-offs.
11
2. The cost of something is what you give up to
get it.
12
3. Rational people think at the margin.
13
4. People respond to incentives.
14
5. Trade can make everyone better off.
15
6. Markets are usually a good way to organize
economic activity.
16
7. Governments can sometimes improve market
outcomes.
17
8. A countrys standard of living depends on its
ability to produce goods and services.
18
9. Prices rise when the government prints too
much money.
19
10. Society faces a short-run tradeoff between
inflation and unemployment.
20
Thinking Like an Economist
21
Role of Assumptions

• A physicist, a chemist and an economist are
  stranded on an island, with nothing to eat. A can
  of soup washes ashore.
• The physicist says, "Lets smash the can open with
  a rock."
• The chemist says, "Lets build a fire and heat the
  can first."
• The economist says, "Lets assume that we have a
  can-opener...
• --Paul Samuelson--

22
The Production Possibilities Frontier
23
A Shift in the Production Possibilities Frontier
24
The Circular Flow
25
Figure A-1 Types of Graphs
26
Figure A-2 Using the Coordinate System
27
Table A-1 Novels Purchased by Emma
28
Figure A-3 Demand Curve
29
Figure A-4 Shifting Demand Curves
30
Figure A-5 Calculating the Slope of a Line
31
Figure A-6 Graph with an Omitted Variable
32
Figure A-7 Graph Suggesting Reverse Causality
33
MATUR SEMBAH NUWUN