Personal, Social, and Moral Development

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Personal, Social, and Moral Development

• Chapter 3

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(3) Initiative vs Guilt Independence
with supervision
(2) Autonomy vs Shame Doubt Control
Psychosocial Development
Developmental Crisis
(1) Trust vs. Mistrust Consistency
(4) Industry vs. Inferiority feedback
(5) Identity vs Role Confusion Moratoti
um Self understanding
(8) Ego integrity vs Despair Accept
cycle of Death
(6) Intimacy vs Isolation Trust others
(7) Generativity vs. Stagnation Next
generation
Marcias Identity achievement Identity
foreclosure Identity diffusion Moratorium
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• Families
• Blended families
• Parenting styles
• Authoritarian
• Authoritative
• Permissive
• Rejecting/neglecting
• Peers
• Cultures
• Aggression
• Instrumental
• Hostile
• Overt
• Relational
• Bullies?violence will be rewarded
• Victims ?low self esteem

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Helping Children of Divorce

• Sudden changes
• Talk individually to students
• Avoid stereotypes (whole family
  references)?blended families
• Maintain students self-esteem
• Resources available for counseling
• Sensitive to both parents rights

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Peer Relationships

• Peers play an essential
• role in healthy personal
• and social relationships
• Characteristics of friends
• Quality of friendships
• Who is likely to have
• problems with peers?
• Children who differ from
• the norm
• Peer culture
• Rules
• Conformity to those rules
• Interests of parents clash
• with those rules
• New Roles for Teachers
• Support personal and social
• development

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Challenges for Children Young children starting
school? preoperational to concrete
operational?teaching must adhere to the needs
of that stage Coping with challenges By
third grade predictions towards dropping
out Importance of Head StartChildren and Youth
at Risk Child Abuse Physical Abuse Physical
Neglect Sexual Abuse Eating Disorders Drug
Abuse Suicide
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Understanding Ourselves and Others
Gender, Ethnicity, and Self Esteem
Self Concept
Self Esteem
Value one gives to their evaluations How does
self esteem affect student behavior in
school? How does life in schools affect student
behavior? Relationships with abilities Popularity
Feedback!!!
General Academic Non-academic Develops const
ant evaluations across time Elementary?others HS?
oneself
Diversity Collective self esteem Ethnic
Pride Development Decreases as they
go middle school Increases in boys as they go
to HS more than in girls Self and
others Intention (2 yrs) Perspective
taking (10 yrs) Emotional Competency
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Racial Identities (Nigrescence) Pre-encounter Enc
ounter Immersion Internalization Commitment
Could this be applied to the Hispanic community?
Ethnic Pride
Theory of Mind and Intention?understanding other
people
Perspective Taking
Selman (1980) Develops over time Analyze
others perspective about age 10 15 most have
developed the perspective taking- ability
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Moral Development sense of right and wrong
Moral Dilemmas
Distributive Justice
Moral Realism
Beliefs _at_ Dividing and sharing
Stage Understanding of rules
Morality of Cooperation
Understanding that People make rules they can
also change them
Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development
Preconventional (personal needs and other
peoples rules) Punishment-obedience
orientation Personal reward orientation
Conventional (approval, family expectations,
traditional values, laws of
society, loyalty to the country) Good
boy-nice girl orientation Law and order
orientation Postconventional Social contract
orientation Universal ethical principles
orientation
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• Moral vs. Conventional Domains
• Moral domain more abstract integration
• Social integration agreed upon rules and ways
  of doing things in a particular situation
• Alternatives to Kohlbergs Theory
• Stages not separate, sequenced and consistent
• Every day life (competing values, situations,
  etc)
• Stages 5 and 6 are based on Western values
• Gender Differences in Reasoning (Gilligan, 1982)
• Stages are biased in favor of males
• ?differences in the development of
• stages between men and women
• Ethic of care? move from a focus
• of self interest to moral reasoning
• based on commitment to specific
• individuals and relationships