French

1
French Indian War/Seven Years War

• Did you know that George Washington helped to
  start a world war?

2
French

• Held most of the territory in North
  AmericaCanada, New France
  
• Late 1740s Ohio Company (land-speculating company
  based in VA) began building a chain of forts on
  French land.

3
SO,

• 1753French got nervous built forts on their
  lands
  
• 1754Built Fort Duquesne (near present-day
  Pittsburg, PA)

4
Iroquois Nation

• Played French British off each other
• Raided both French British settlements

5
The Iroquois scheme broke down

• Brits French refused to pay rising costs of
  gifts
  
• Delaware Shawnee declared autonomy, disrupting
  covenant
  
• Land shortage in New England influx of European
  immigrants (Ohio Co)

6

• Iroquois Nation becomes the key
• in the French Indian War

7
British

• Since 1753VA Gov Robert Dinwiddie had
  unsuccessfully warned French to stay out of
  English territory.
  
• British decided to send someone to evict French.

8

• Spring 1754Sent George Washington to deliver a
  letter asking them to leave the area sends
  small militia troop to build a post (Fort
  Necessity) at the forks of the Ohio River.

9
May 28, 1754Massacre at Jumonville Glen

• Tanaghrisson Half King as Indian guide
• Indians/Americans attack French encampment
• 10 French killed 22 captured

10

• French send troops to Fort Necessity
• VA militia surrender
• However, instead of returning to VA, G.W. takes
  troops to fort at Great Meadow, PA

11

• French trap militia on July 3-4, 1754 1/3rd of
  Washingtons men are killed or wounded.
  
• G.W. surrenders returns w/ militia to VA.

12
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR BEGINS (Becomes a
world-wide war)
13
Albany Congress/Plan of Union

• Delegates are from most northern American
  governments Six Iroquois Nations

14
GOALS

• Persuade Iroquois to abandon alliance with
  France
  
• Coordinate defense of the colonies

15

• Iroquois saw no reason to abandon their
• 50 year policy of neutrality

16

• Congress adopts Plan of Union
• A. Established intercolonial legislature with
  power to tax.
  
• B. Assembly would assume responsibility for
  western lands.

17
HOWEVER,

• Provincial governments rejected the plan--(feared
  loss of autonomy)
  
• Imperial government rejected the plan--(afraid of
  consequences of unified American assembly)

18

• From 1755-1757 Anglo-American British troops
  suffered defeat after defeat

19
William Pitt

• Wm Pitt came to power in 1757 (Prime Minister of
  England) changed
  
• British policies

20

• 1. Started series of well-coordinated
  campaigns.
  
• 2. Appointed able commanders.
• 3. Treated Americans as allies rather than
  subordinates.

21
RESULT

• Major reversal in the war

22

• 1758Seized Fort Louisbourgkey to
• St. Lawrence River
• Fort Frontenac on Lake Ontario destroyed
• Fort Duquesne captured
• 1759French main army defeated at Quebec
• 1760Last defenders of Canada surrender at
  Montreal

23
Pontiacs Rebellion (1763)

• Ottawa Chief Pontiac allies with other Indian
  tribes against British (defrauded during the war
  by British traders British stop
  
• giving gifts)
• Captured every British garrison west of
  Fort Niagra

24
However,

• British took back control Indians returned
  British prisoners accepted British as new
  political fathers
  
• Proclamation Line of 1763

25
World-wide War

• Fighting in colonies precipitated war in Europe.
• War in West Africa, India, Philippines,
  Guadeloupe, Martinique, Cuba, West Indies

26
Treaty of Paris (1763)

• French control of Canada ended
• All territories east of Mississippi River ceded
  to British

27

• France had given their territories west of
  Mississippi Riv to Spain in a secret treaty in
  1762Spain had to give Florida to Britain

28
Results for British/Americans

• Every colony north of VA experienced the conflict
  as a peoples war
  
• Britain doubled national debt

29
And more

• Britain acquired more territory than could
  manage
  
• Antagonized Americans in administration of empire
  collection of taxes

30
And more--

• Americans were disgusted by British soldiers
  commandersresented condescending attitudes

31
And even more--

• British disgusted with American troopsalways
  late IF showed up, embezzled rations, shortfall
  in enlistment quotas, quarrelsome
  self-interested colonial governments

32

• Forts stimulated settlement movement to the west
  (American speculators)
  
• Again
• Proclamation Line of 1763

33

• War made the gulf between British perceptions
  American conditions wider than ever
  
• Americans thought of themselves as more British
  than the British

34
Results for French

• Lost all land in the New World
• Fiscal crisis caused by war debt climaxes with
  French Revolution in 1789