Group members

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Welcome...
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Group members

• Nur Nahar Akter BPH-02505064
• Md. Saifur Rahman BPH-02505065
• Musarat Ferdows BPH-02505068
• Samira Ayesha Siddiqa BPH-02505069
• Kousik Ahmed Khan BPH-02505070
• Mahbub Hossain BPH-02505077
• Mosharrof Hossain BPH-02505078

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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System
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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System

• Introduction
• The eye is the organ which gives us the sense of
  sight, we use our eyes in almost every activity
  we perform, whether reading, working, watching,
  writing, driving, and in countless other ways. 
• Ophthalmic Drug The drugs that are used for the
  diagnosis treatment of ocular diseases are
  usually known as ophthalmic drugs.
• Various available ophthalmic products are-
• Eye drops
• Eye lotions
• Eye suspensions
• Eye ointment
• Contact lens solutions
• Ophthalmic insert/ ocusert

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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System

• The cross section of the eye is presented to
  identify specific tissues, their functions
  their involvement in selected ophthalmic disease
  states to locate specific sites of drug
  administration and action.
• Various parts of the eye-
• Cornea
• Pupil
• Iris
• Lens
• Retina
• Macula
• Optic nerve
• Among the most important components of the
  human eye are the cornea, conjunctiva, iris,
  lens, vitreous humor, retina, macula, optic nerve
  extracellular muscleetc.

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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System

• Other structures of the eye-
• Tears are produced by the lacrimal gland, which
  lies immediately above each eyeball at the outer
  corner of the eye socket. Tears flow through
  ducts from this gland to the area beneath the
  upper eyelid. Tear fluid then either drains
  from the inner corner of the eye into the nasal
  cavity.
• Eyelashes, eyelids, and eyebrows all help to
  protect the eye from dust and dirt. Extending
  from the eye socket to the eyeball are six small
  muscles that contract and relax, allowing the eye
  to move in various directions.

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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System

• Common disorders-
• Astigmatism
• Glaucoma
• Myopia
• Retinitis pigmentosa
• Blurred vision
• Hyperopia
• Blepharitis
• Corneal ulcer
• Photokeratitis
• Cataract etc.

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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System

• Ophthalmic dosage forms-
• The ophthalmic preparations are available as
  sterile, buffered, isotonic solution. Several
  types of dosage forms are applied as the delivery
  system for the ocular delivery of drugs. The most
  prescribed dosage form is the eye drop solution
  as drops are easier to administer.
• Suspensions, gelled systems, ointment are also
  used for prolonged therapeutic action.
• Characteristics of ophthalmic preparation-
• Should be non-irritating to the ocular tissue.
• Should be homogenous i.e, particles uniformly
  dispersed, smooth free from lumps or
  agglomerates.
• Relatively non-greasy.
• Should not cause blurred vision.
• Should not cause intolerable foreign body
  sensation.
• Sterile adequately preserved.
• Physically chemically stable.
• Efficacious.

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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System

• General mechanism of drug delivery
• Lacrimal gland
• Ocular delivery Lacrimal fluid
• Precorneal cavity Corneal epithelium
  Metabolism
• Conjunctival uptake Endothelium/ Stroma
• Lacrimal canals Aqueous humor
  Elimination
• Lacrimal sacs
• Nasolacrimal duct
• Nose Systemic circulation

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• New drug delivery systems
• Using eye drops to administer drugs needs
  frequent application. Prolonged drug release can
  be achieved using ophthalmic inserts, solid
  devices placed in the eye, but the inserts must
  then be removed when they are no longer needed. 
• Ocuserts are the new drug delivery systems which
  are designed in such a way that they release the
  drug at predetermined and predictable rates thus
  eliminating the frequent administration of the
  drug.
• The systems generally include controlled,
  delayed and or sustained release bioerodible
  implantable elements having multiple layers of
  different materials and/or different
  concentrations of materials. The elements
  generally include an inner layer, or core,
  including a therapeutic agent, and one or more
  outer layers made of polymeric materials, for
  example substantially pure polymeric materials.
  The core may include a polymeric material
  combined with an active agent beneficial in
  treating a condition of an eye.
• e.g. the pilocarpine inserts used in glaucoma
  therapy.

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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System

• Drugs may also be encapsulated in polymeric
  nanoparticles, which are dispersed through the
  lens material. By altering the size,
  concentration and structure of these polymeric
  nanoparticles, the drug delivery rate can be
  controlled, while retaining the appropriate lens
  clarity.
• The materials can also be modified to produce
  self-lubricating contact lenses, which will be
  useful to people with dry eyes.

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Available Ophthalmic drugs in Bangladesh Almost
250 types of ophthalmic products are available in
Bangladesh.
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• Sight is the sense which is more valuable than
  all the rest.
• So Take care of Eyes!!!

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Thank you all.