Breeds of Livestock Dairy Beef Swine Sheep

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Breeds of LivestockDairy Beef Swine - Sheep
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Breeds of Dairy Cattle
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Ayrshire

• Developed in Scotland
• Came to U.S. in 1822
• Cows weigh 1200 lbs.
• Ranks 3rd in milk production

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Brown Swiss

• One of the oldest dairy breeds
• Originated in Switzerland
• Came to U.S. in 1869
• 2nd in average milk production
• Cows weigh 1500lbs.

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Guernsey

• Originated on island of Guernsey off the coast of
  France
  
• Brought to U.S. in 1831
• Fourth in milk production
• Produces a golden colored milk
• Cows weigh 1100 lbs.

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Holstein-Friesian

• Developed in the Netherlands
• Came to U.S. in 1852
• 90 of all dairy cattle in the U.S. are Holstein
• Largest of all dairy cattle - 1500 lb. cows
• First in milk production

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Jersey

• Came from island of Jersey off cost of France
• First came to U.S. in 1815
• Lowest in milk production, highest in butterfat
• Smallest dairy breed
• Cows weigh around1000 lbs.

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Milking Shorthorn

• One of the oldest recognized breeds in the world,
  a segment of the Shorthorn breed
  
• Originated in northeastern England
• Came to U.S. (Va.) in 1783
• Provided milk, meat, and transportation to
  pioneers
  
• Red, red white, white, or roan in color

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Beef Cattle Breeds
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Angus

• Developed in Scotland
• Came to U.S. in 1873
• No.1 in numbers of registered animals
• Always polled
• There is a Red Angus breed

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Brahman

• Developed in U.S. between 1854-1926
• Brood stock came from India
• Used in cross-breeding programs
• Large hump on back and loose skin
• They have a high heat tolerance

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Charolais

• One of the oldest breeds
• Originated in France
• Came to U.S. in 1936 from Mexico
• Very large cows up to 1800 lbs.
• Used in many cross- breeding programs

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Chianina

• Developed in Italy
• Came to U.S. in 1971
• Used in cross-breeding programs
• They have black skin and white hair
• Largest breed of cattle. Cows up to 2400 lbs.

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Gelbvieh

• Originated in Bavaria, southern Germany
• Developed during late 18th century
• Introduced to U.S. in 1971
• Red in color
• Known for calving ease, mothering ability and
  calf growth

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Hereford

• Developed in England.
• Came to U.S. in 1830s - Henry Clay
• More Herefords registered than any other breed.
• Easy breed to handle
• White color is always dominate.

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Limousin

• Developed in France
• Semen shipped to Canada in 1968
• Very wide horns
• Meat is very lean

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Polled Hereford

• Developed in Iowa in 1901
• Same as Hereford breed except no horns

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Red Angus

• Same genetics as Angus, except red color
• Were registered with Black Angus herdbooks until
  1917
  
• Red Angus Assoc. of America formed in 1954

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Shorthorn and Polled Shorthorn

• Developed in England about 1600
• Came to Va. in 1783
• Originally a dual purpose breed
• Red, white or roan in color
• Are good mothers

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Simmental

• Developed in Switzerland
• Came to U.S. in 1969
• Has no color requirement
• Large and docile

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Texas Longhorn

• Developed from Spanish cattle, brought to new
  world by Columbus
  
• Roamed free in the southwest until after the
  Civil War
  
• Was replaced by new breeds in 1880s
• Numbers are increasing

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Scotch Highland

• Oldest registered breed of cattle
• Disease resistant, lashes protect eyes from
  insects
  
• Long horns
• Even temperament
• Requires little shelter of feed supplements
• From Scottish Highlands, raised from Alaska to
  Texas

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Belted Galloway

• Distinctive white belt
• Brought to Pennsylvania in 1959

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Icelandic

• Found in Iceland
• Originated in Norway, brought in during
  settlement of Iceland in 10th century
  
• Selected for milking and protein percentage in
  milk.

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Gir

• Zebu breed from India
• Long ears
• Long horns that sweep back and spiral
• Used in the development of the Brahman

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Indo-Brazilian

• Zebu breed developed in Brazil from 1910 - 1930
• Originated from the Gir breed
• Taller and lighter muscled than the Brahman
• White to dark grey
• Very large ears

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Beef Cross Breeds
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Santa Gertrudis

• Developed on King Ranch in Texas
• 3/8 Brahman and 5/8 Shorthorn cross
• Red or cherry red in color
• They have loose folds of skin
• Hair grows short in hot weather and long in cold

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Beefmaster

• Developed on Lasiter Ranch in Texas from
  1908-1930
  
• Brahman-Hereford crossed with Brahman-Shorthorn
• Bred for six essentials weight, conformation,
  milking ability, fertility, hardiness, and
  disposition

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Droughtmaster

• Developed in northern Australia
• 1/2 Brahman x 1/2 Shorthorn
• Red color, honey golden to dark red
• Lean carcass
• Tick and heat resistant
• Calving ease, good temperament

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Brangus

• 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Angus
• Solid black and polled
• Calves heavier at birth and weaning than Angus
• Resistant to heat and humidity
• Produce more hair in cool climates

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Other Cross Breeds

• Charbray
• Braford
• Brahmousin
• Gelbray
• Red Brangus

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Breeds of Swine
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American Landrace

• Developed around 1895
• Long body length
• Ears large and drooping
• Sows noted for good milk production

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Berkshire

• Developed in England
• Came to U.S. in 1823
• Medium size hog
• Erect ears, short snout
• 6 white points

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Chester White

• Developed in PA.
• Drooped ears
• Known for mothering ability

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Duroc

• Developed in eastern U.S.
• Drooped ears
• Red in color
• One of the most popular breeds in U.S.

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Hampshire

• Developed in England
• Erect ears
• White band circling the body
• Know for lean meat

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Poland China

• Developed in Ohio
• Black with six white points
• Drooping ears
• One of the larger breeds of hogs
• Used in cross breeding programs

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Spotted Breed

• Developed in Indiana
• At least 20 of body must be either black or
  white
  
• First known as the Spotted Poland China

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Tamworth

• Originated in England
• Brought to U.S. in 1882
• Red in color
• Lean meat
• Excellent mothering ability

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Yorkshire

• Developed in England
• Came to U.S. in 1800s
• Erect ears
• Sometimes has black freckles

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Vietnamese Potbelly

• Developed from a dwarf swine breed from Vietnam
  in the 1960s
  
• Brought to U.S from Canada in 1986
• Full grown potbellied pigs weigh an average of
  70-150 lb.
  
• Utilized as a pet

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Breeds of Sheep
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Cheviot

• Originally from England
• Small and blocky
• White face and legs

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Hampshire

• Developed in England
• Large in size, blocky type
• Breed is polled
• One of the most popular breeds

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Suffolk

• Developed in England
• Came to U.S. in 1888
• Has no wool on head or legs
• Know for production of market lambs
• Ranks 1st in U.S. sheep population

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Southdown

• One of the oldest breeds
• Developed in England
• Small and blocky
• Slow growth

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Corriedale

• Developed in New Zealand
• Came to U.S. in 1914
• First used in western states
• Breed is polled

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Dorset

• Brought to Oregon by ship in 1860
• White in color
• Medium size
• Both polled and horned varieties exist
• Second largest breed in total numbers in the U.S.