Ust-Kamenogorsk

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Malikova Gaukhar School ?44 10th Grade
How Informal Speech Develops Its Meaning.

• Ust-Kamenogorsk
• 2008

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Aim

• To investigate the process of development and
  change of meaning of Informal Speech.

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Objectives

• 1. To study the peculiarities of Inf. Speech
• 2. To find out why new meanings appear at all.
• 3. What circumstances cause and simulate their
  development.
• 4. To identify how does the development happen.

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Hypothesis

• English is a language particular rich in
  idioms those modes of expression peculiar to a
  language or dialect which frequently defy logical
  and grammatical rules. Without idioms English
  would lose much of its variety and humor both in
  speech and writing.

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• Just as there is formal and informal dress, so
  there is formal and informal speech.

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• Informal vocabulary is used in ones immediate
  circle relatives, family or friends. It is
  relaxed, free and easy. Informal speech contains
  slang, idioms, dialect, colloquialisms.

Informal speech
Dialects
Slang
Colloquialisms
Idioms
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The ways of development of Informal Style
1.Becoming old-fashioned and dying
out. 2.Transforming into formal one. 3.Turning
into each other (slang idioms). 4.Borrowing.
5.Changing its former meaning.
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Old-fashioned

• The white elephant

It rains cats and dogs
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Becoming Formal
Formal speech
Informal speech
Fun Lunch Bus Wimp and sorted Horny Happy
hunting ground
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Slang

• Cut the chase
• White elephant
• Once in a blue moon
• Your tongue has run away

Idioms
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• The one stream of poetry which in constantly
  following is slang. Every day some nameless poet
  weaves some fairy tracery of popular language.
  All slang is metaphor, and all metaphor is
  poetry The world of slang is kind of
  topsy-turvydom of poetry, full blue moons and
  white elephants, of men losing their heads, and
  men whose tongue run away with them a whole
  chaos of fairy-tails.

G.K Chesterton (English writer)
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Borrowing(from Am.E)
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Borrowing From Old English

• to crush a cup (to drink a glass of wine)
• the blues (policemen)
• kickshaw (trifle, sweet)
• knoty-pated (foolish)
• snipe
• woodcock
• dod-pole

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Changing of meanings
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Conclusion

• My aim was to investigate the process of
  development and changing of Informal Speech.

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The ways of development of Informal Style

• 1.Becoming old-fashioned and dying out.
• 2.Transforming into formal one.
• 3.Turning into each other (slang idioms).
• 4.Borrowing.
• 5.Changing its former meaning.

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Reference

• Makkai, A. and Boatner, M., A Dictionary of
  American Idioms, USA Barrons, 1995
• Hayakawa, S., Choose the Right Word Second
  Edition , New-York Quill, 1994
• Ammer, C., Dictionary of Idioms, Boston The
  American Heritage, 1997
• Bollard, J., Scholastic Student Thesaurus,
  New-York Callahan/BNGO, 2002
• ?????? ??????, ?? ??????? ???????, ???????????
  ????? ? ?????, February, 2006, pp. 87-92
• ????????, ?., ????????? ??????? ? ????. ??.,
  ????????? ??????, 1978
• ?????????, ?., ???????????? ????. ??., ??????
  ?????, 1999
• www.homeenglish.ru
• www.englishraven.com
• www.english-at-home.ru