Highlight 7

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Highlight 7

• Alcohol and Nutrition

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Alcohol Introduction

• Alcohol ETOH Ethyl Alcohol Ethanol
• Metabolism handled differently
• Alcohol interferes with metabolism, can impair
  health and nutrition

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Two Alcohols Glycerol and Ethanol
Glycerol is the alcohol used to make
triglycerides.
Ethanol is the alcohol in beer, wine, and
distilled liquor.
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Alcohol in Beverages

• Beer, wine, and liquor
• Moderation of drinks
• 5 ounces of wine
• 10 ounces of wine cooler
• 12 ounces of beer
• 11/2 ounces of distilled liquor

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10 oz wine cooler
12oz beer
1 1/2 oz hard liquor (80 proof whiskey,
gin, brandy, rum, vodka)
5 oz wine
Each of these servings equals one drink.
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Alcohol in the Body

• Quickly absorbed if stomach is empty
• Carbohydrates decrease the absorption of alcohol
• Alcohol dehydrogenase breaks down alcohol in the
  stomach
• Rapidly absorbed in small intestine

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Alcohol

• Blood carries ETOH to liver
• Liver is the ONLY organ that can burn ETOH for E
• Liver and stomach synthesize alcohol dehydrogenase

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Alcohol Metabolism

• Alcohol dehydrogenase uses 2 molecules niacin
  (NAD), and 1 molecule thiamin (TPP) per molecule
  of ETOH
• Amount of alcohol dehydrogenase in body
  determines ability to handle ETOH
• Women have lower levels of activity of alcohol
  dehydrogenase absorb more alcohol

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ETOH Metabolism, Continued

• The more you drink
• More enzyme produced (to a point)
• More frequent more enzyme on hand
• More niacin and thiamin levels depleted

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MEOS

• Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System
• Enzyme system that metabolizes ETOH (secondary to
  alcohol dehydrogenase)
• Primarily metabolizes drugs
• If ETOH drugs mixed --gt ETOH metabolized 1st
  --gt increased concentration of drug, delayed
  metabolism, compounded side effects

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MEOS uses ATP
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Alcohol in the Liver

• Accumulation of fatty acids
• Alcohol dehydrogenase breaks down ETOH to
  acetaldehyde
• Alcohol has damaging effects

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Alcohol disrupts the liver

• Fatty liver is first stage of liver deterioration
• Fibrosis is second stage
• Cirrhosis is most advanced stage of liver
  deterioration

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ETOH and Malnutrition

• Malnutrition
• Decreased appetite
• Kcals from ETOH not nutrient dense
• Depletes B vitamins, especially folate thiamin
• Decreased protein synthesis
• Dehydration
• Loss of Mg, K, Zn in urine
• Fe, Folate, niacin, Vit B12 deficiencies common

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Problems of Alcohol Use

• Estimated 15 million Americans classified as
  alcoholics
• Approx 11 million drinkers under age of 21
• Excess ETOH intake contributes to heart disease,
  liver disease, certain cancers, motor vehicle
  accidents
• Fetal alcohol syndrome
• All preventable!

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Using ETOH Responsibly

• Designated driver
• Eat!
• Sip!
• Space 1.5 hrs apart
• Forget coffee and walking only time will sober
  you up
• Moderation Up to 1 drink/day for women 2
  drinks/day for men