Artificial Sweeteners: The Truth - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 27
About This Presentation
Title:

Artificial Sweeteners: The Truth

Description:

The knowledge that sugar had little nutritional value dates back to Queen ... this, diet sodas, sugar free gums and candies, sugar free ice cream, and coffee ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:2617
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 28
Provided by: wsu6
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Artificial Sweeteners: The Truth


1
Artificial SweetenersThe Truth
  • Group 11
  • Jesse Barton
  • Jessica Hendrickson
  • Ryan Kaczor
  • John Woodworth

2
This presentation will include
  • A Brief History
  • Present Day Sweeteners
  • Their Chemistry
  • Their Uses
  • The Pros and Cons

3
Where did artificial sweeteners come from?
4
The History of Artificial Sweeteners
  • The knowledge that sugar had little nutritional
    value dates back to Queen Elizabeth I
  • Since then, medical research has determined that
    being overweight is a serious medical problem

5
And Millions Began to Diet
  • The desire to cut excess sugar from the diet led
    to the development of artificial sweeteners that
    are not metabolized by the body

6
The History of Artificial Sweeteners
  • Saccharin and Cyclamate began to appear in
    grocery stores widely as table sweeteners and as
    added ingredients in prepared foods
  • Saccharin

  • Cyclamate

7
The History of Artificial Sweeteners
  • The National Academy of Sciences raised several
    questions about the effects of saccharin on the
    liver and kidneys and even possibly the breakdown
    of chromosomes in 1968
  • And
  • In 1977 the FDA found saccharin to be a
    carcinogen and banned it from the market

8
New Sweeteners Were Made!
9
The Discovery of Aspartame
  • Aspartame was accidentally discovered in 1965 by
    James Schlatter, a chemist for G.D. Searle
    Company, while he was testing an anti-ulcer drug.

10
Modern Artificial Sweeteners Aspartame
  • Aspartame is a dipeptide, and is a compound of
    two amino acids (aspartic acid and phenylalanine)
    joined together.
  • Aspartame is 200 times sweeter than sugar

11
Aspartame
  • Aspartame is used often because very small
    amounts are needed for sweetening purposes.
  • Because of this, diet sodas, sugar free gums and
    candies, sugar free ice cream, and coffee
    sweeteners often use aspartame.

12
The Discovery of Sucralose
  • In 1976, Tate Lyle, a British sugar company,
    was searching for ways to blend sucrose (sugar)
    with laboratory chemicals. In collaboration with
    Professor Leslie Houghs laboratory at Queens
    College in London, halogenated sugars were
    currently being tested. Responding to a request
    for testers for these experimental chlorinated
    sugars, foreign graduate student Shashikant
    Phadnis signed up for taste tests.  His
    participation in the research project led to the
    discovery that chlorinated sugars are sweet and
    have potencies hundreds to thousands of times
    greater than sugar.

13
The Discovery of Sucralose
  • A study of over 100 experiments and 20 years
    proved that Sucralose is safe for consumption
  • In 1998 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
    approved Sucralose to be used in 15 types of
    beverages

14
Modern Artificial Sweeteners Sucralose
  • Sucralose is modified sucrose. This results in
    the body not being able to use it for energy and
    so whilst it retains the sweet taste of sugar it
    has no calories.
  • Sucralose is 600 times sweeter than sucrose.

15
Sucralose
  • Commonly known as Splenda, sucralose is used in
    cake mixes, ice creams, candy bars, jams, and
    colas.

16
Artificial Sweeteners!
  • Good? or bad?

17
The Pros
  • Artificial sweeteners contain no calories, are
    cheap to produce, and can be applied to many
    different products and foods
  • They are also good for use by people who are
    diabetic

18
The Cons
  • There are over 92 different health side effects
    associated with aspartame
  • These can include damage to the eyes and ears,
    problems with neurological function and
    psychological function, chest problems,
    gastrointestinal complications, skin and allergy
    symptoms, endocrine and metabolic effects, and
    others

19
What the government has to say about it
20
FDA Guidelines and Policies
  • The FDA has approved both Nutrasweet and Splenda
    for use by the public
  • The FDA stands behind its original decision,
    despite recent attacks on these products claiming
    that they cause brain tumors

21
What the people have to say about it
22
Public Opinion on Artificial Sweeteners
  • On one side, the American Heart Association
    endorses these products for diabetics and those
    on weight loss diets.
  • On the other hand, mostly on the internet,
    systemic lupus, multiple sclerosis, vision
    problems, headaches, fatigue, and even
    Alzheimer's disease have been blamed on
    artificial sweeteners.

23
It is important to remember
  • Some side effects do occur from the use of
    artificial sweeteners
  • The people that reported these symptoms drank
    excessive amounts of diet sodas
  • The symptoms they reported went away after they
    stopped using the products excessively
  • So

24
Dont Worry!
  • A Diet Coke isnt going to kill you!

25
A Summary
  • We hope that in this presentation we have
    provided you with
  • A Brief History
  • Present Day Sweeteners
  • Their Chemistry
  • Their Uses
  • The Pros and Cons

26
Thanks for watching!
  • We hope that you enjoyed our presentation, and
    that you all know a little bit more about the
    chemistry behind the sweeteners that we use
    everyday.
  • Thanks,
  • Jesse Barton
  • Jessica Hendrickson
  • Ryan Kaczor
  • John Woodworth

27
Sources
  • Group 11 Artificial Sweeteners Works Cited
  • Lawler, Philip F. Sweet Talk. Washington D.C.
  • The Media Institute, 1973.
  • Understanding Food Additives The Chemistry of
    Sweeteners. http//www.york.ac.uk/org/ciec/food_a
    dd/pages/Ch2pg6-2.htm
  • Henkel, John. Sugar Substitutes Americans Opt
    for Sweetness and Lite. http//www.cfsan.fda.gov/
    dms/fdsugar.html December 2004.
  • Sugars and Artificial Sweeteners.
    http//www.annecollins.com/weight_health/diet-sug
    ars-sweeteners.htm 2005.
  • Sweeteners. http//www.shands.org/health/informat
    ion/article/002444.htm January 30, 2002.
  • Armstrong, Clare. Health Encyclopedia
    Sweeteners. http//www.northmemorial.com/healthen
    cyclopedia/content/1940.asp 2002.
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com