Blood

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Blood!
By Tiffany Woodard and Tony Perkins
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• Plasma - The nonliving fluid component of blood
  within which formed elements and various solutes
  are suspended and circulated.
• 90 water with 100 different dissolved solutes

Oh yeah! Plasma is 8 plasma proteins!

• 60 albumin - carrier for certain molecules,
  buffer, major in contributing to osmotic pressure
  along with Na

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Coming Up...
Red Blood Cells!
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Red Blood Cells

• Also called erythrocytes, red blood cells are
  small cells, about 7.5 um in diameter, that are
  basically containers of hemoglobin.
• They pick up oxygen in the capillary beds of the
  lungs and release it to tissue cells across
  other capillaries throughout the body.
  They also transport some 20 of the
  carbon dioxide released by tissue
  cells in the opposite direction.
• Function - gas transport (1 billion O2
  each) produce ATP anaerobically
  hemoglobin

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• Hemoglobin - Oxygen transporting components of
  erythrocytes.
• It is made up of the protein globin bound to the
  red heme pigment
• Each hemoglobin can transport four molecules of
  oxygen

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And Now...on to
White Blood Cell
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Lymphocytes
Basophil
Monocytes
White Blood Cells
Germ
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• Most abundant type of white blood cell
• Twice as large as Erythrocytes
• The cytoplasm stains pale lilac and contains very
  fine granules
• Origin - bone marrow
• Function - most numerous numbers up with
  bacterial infections phagocytize bacteria and
  some fungi contain defensins

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• Accounts for 1 to 4 of all leukocytes and is
  about the size of a neutrophil
• Has a blue-rednucleus that looks like a
  telephonereceiver

• It has large, red granules
• Origin - bone marrow

• Function - kill parasitic worms destroy
  antigen-antibody complexes inactivate some
  inflammatory chemicals of allergies

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Basophil

• The Rarest white blood cells
• Basophil means base loving
• Granulated cells similar to Basophil cells are
  called mast cells
• Origin - bone marrow
• Function - rarest release histamine and other
  mediators of inflammation contain heparin, an
  anticoagulant, that acts as a vasodilator

Histamine
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Lymphocyte

• Plays a crucial role in immunity
• Acts against virus infected cells and tumor cells
• B-Lymphocytes give rise to plasma cells, which
  produce antibodies
• It has a large, dark purple nucleus that occupies
  most of the cell volume
• Origin - bone marrow, lymph nodes,spleen
• Function - mount immune response by direct cell
  attack or via antibodies

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Monocytes

• Have abundant gray-blue cytoplasm and a darkly
  staining blue-purple nucleus which is a U or
  kidney shape
• They turn into highly mobile macrophages, that
  are crucial in the bodys defense against viruses
• Origin - bone marrow
• Function - Increase during chronic infections
  phagocytosis develop into macrophages in
  tissues attack viruses and certain intracellular
  bacterial parasites

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Platelets

• Each platelet exhibits a blue-staining outer
  region and inner area containing granules that
  stain purple
• Have a lot of chemicals that act in clotting
• Sometimes called thrombocytes
• They stick to the damage site, and form a
  temporary plug that helps seal the break
• They age quickly and regenerate in about 10 days
• Origin - bone marrow
• Function - critical role in blood clotting

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ABO Blood Groups

• They are the types of blood people can have
• You can have A, B, AB, or O blood
• They are based on the presence of agglutinogens,
  type A and type B
• Unique to the ABO blood groups is the presence in
  the plasma of preformed antibodies called
  agglutimins, which act against RBCs carrying ABO
  antigens that are not present in a persons own
  red blood cells

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Anemia
Normal
Anemic

• Anemia is a condition in which the blood has an
  abnormally low oxygen-carrying capacity.
  Individuals are fatigued, often short of breath
  and chilly.
• There are three causes for anemia
• (1) Insufficient numbers of red blood cells
  causing Hemorrhagic, Hemolytic, and Aplastic
  Anemias.
• (2) Decreases in hemoglobin content causing
  Iron-deficiency Anemia and Pernicious Anemia.
• (3) Abnormal hemoglobin causing Thalassemias and
  sickle-cell anemia.

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White Blood Cell Disorders

• Leukemia A group of cancerous conditions of
  white blood cells. It is caused by cancerous
  leukocytes, which cause the bone marrow to become
  almost completely occupied. Symptoms are fever,
  weight loss, and bone pain. It is particularly
  dangerous because it can cause internal
  hemorrhaging. Treatments involve irradiation,
  administration of antileukemic drugs, and bone
  marrow transplants.

Leukemia

• Mononucleosis (a.k.a. the kissing disease) It is
  a highly contagious viral disease seen in
  children and young adults. It has excessive
  numbers of granulocytes which are atypical.
  Symptoms are tiredness, aching, sore throat, and
  low grade fever. It usually runs its course in a
  few weeks.

Leukemia
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Blood is important!
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The Cast
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Good Bye!!!