The Revolution of 1800

1
The Revolution of 1800

• Not quite revolutionary

2
Peace With France

• Federalists split over issue
• Adams wisely got of it when he could
• Hamilton and his allies unhappy about the peace
• Right USS Constitution built 1797, US Navy
  Photo
  

3
Federalists Split

• Adams manages to get the nomination anyway
• Retaliates against Hamiltons allies in Cabinet
• Hamilton pamphlet criticizing Adams
• Hamiltons attack traced back to him
• Right John Adams, by Stuart, early 1800s.

4
Republicans have advantages

• Increased number of states south and west
• Alliance between South and New York
• Nominations
• Thomas Jefferson
• Aaron Burr
• Right Aaron Burr, by John Vanderlyn, 1809

5
Nasty, partisan campaign

• Republicans and Federalists pull out all the
  stops
  
• Results
• Jefferson 73
• Burr 73
• Adams 65
• Goes into the House
• Right Unburied Septic Tank, Environmental
  Protection Agency photo

6
Into the House

• Hamiltons Revenge convinces Federalists in
  Delaware to make a deal with Jefferson
  
• Jefferson will keep Hamiltons financial policy
• Republicans control presidency and Congress
• First peaceful transfer of power from one party
  to another

7
Federalist lame ducks

• Beginning of the end for the Federalists
• Will never win another presidential election
• Try to slow the Republicans by using the courts
• Judiciary Act (1801)
• John Marshall made Chief Justice
• Justices of the Peace for DC

8
Collision Course

• Marbury v. Madison (1803)
• Judiciary Act (1789) and writs of mandamus
• Judicial review
• Right John Marshall, engraving by
  Charles-Balthazar-Julien Fevret de Saint-Mémin,
  1808
  

9
Jefferson honors promises, sort of

• Keeps Bank of the United States
• Still dedicated to more debt reduction than
  Hamilton would have been
  
• Must also eliminate excise taxes-- politics

• Cut army, cut navy
• Reliance upon tariff and land sales for cash
• War in Europe guarantees plenty of trade and
  revenue

10
1804

• Essex Junto, failed Federalist plan for New
  England secession
  
• Extreme Federalists decide to entice Burr
• Get Burr elected governor of NY
• Draw support from Jefferson and defeat him
• Right Alexander Hamilton, by Daniel Huntington
  after Trumbull, 1865

11
Stopping Burr

• Without New York, Jefferson could lose and Burr
  be elected
  
• Hamilton intervenes
• Burr defeated for NY governor
• Hamiltons involvement apparent
• Burr and Hamilton duel
• Right Unknown artists representation of
  Burr-Hamilton duel, 1902

12
Whatever happened to Aaron Burr?

• Indicted for murder in New York and New Jersey
• Runs to Florida until things die down
• Returns and presides over the Senate in November,
  1804
  
• Not worried about what people think, has bigger
  plans

13
Louisiana Purchase

• Jeffersons great accomplishment
• Strategic importance of New Orleans
• 1800 war between France and Spain
• Napoleon wins control of Louisiana
• Map of US, 1803-1804, by Golbez

14
Napoleons big plans

• Haiti and new French presence in the Americas
• Failed attempts to retake
• By 1802, Napoleon needs cash
• Sells to US for 15 million
• Right Napoleon Crossing the Alps, by
  Jacques-Louis David, 1801

15
Pro and Con of Purchase

• Doubled land area, indeterminate western
  boundary
  
• Politically good for Republicans
• Big question
• Does Jefferson have power?
• What does it mean when he takes it anyway?

16
Back to Burr

• West not really all that tied to East and idea
  of nation
  
• Distance, weakness of government, interference of
  the Spanish
  
• James Wilkinson and Burr
• 1805-1806 journey and organization of rebellion
• Conspiracy discovered January, 1807

17
Politics and a Criminal Trial

• Burr arrested and tried for treason
• Jefferson determined to get him
• John Marshall presiding judge
• Determined to embarrass Jefferson
• Burr acquitted