LESSONS LEARNED

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LESSONS LEARNED BEST PRACTICE OF TNAs IN
INDONESIA NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Workshop on sharing best practices with
conducting TNAsBangkok, Thailand, 27-29 June 2007

• Development and Transfer of Technologies WG
• Ministry of Environment Agency for the
  Assessment and Application of Technology

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Kalimantan 540,000 km2
Sulawasi 190,000 km2
Sumatera 470,000 km2
Papua 420,000 km2
Java 130,000 km2
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BACKGROUND

• Indonesia consists of more than 13,000 islands
  with 5 big islands.
• Indonesia will be impacted seriously by climate
  change, a number of islands will be impacted if
  sea level rise as UNFCCC prediction. Important
  to involve in the activities for reducing GHG
  emission to reduce climate change impacts.
• Unfortunately, fossil fuel energy will remain
  dominant in the future national energy mix. The
  goal of national energy security and
  environmental protection must be reconciled. We
  need to drive the national technology system
  toward low carbon and carbon free energy
  technologies.

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Indonesian Working Groups on Climate Change
EXISTING INDONESIAN WORKING GROUP ON CLIMATE
CHANGE
Mitigation
Post Kyoto
Forestry
Adaption
Energy
Financial Mech.
Transfer of Technology
Waste
Ocean
Forestry
Agriculture
Transportation
Industry
Energy
Working Group on Climate Change Activities to
undertake qualitative policies and measures that
lead to the our response to Climate change, i.e.
to stabilize concentration of GHGs at the safe
level.
Working Group of Transfer of Technology
Activities to further derivation and enrichment
the previous project and to prioritize technology
needs, and capacity building to assess technology
needs, modalities to acquire and absorb them.
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INSTITUTIONS IN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER WORKING GROUP

• Ministry of Environments
• Ministry of Research and Technology
• Agency for the Assessment and Application of
  Technology (BPPT)
• Governments Departments Energy Mineral
  Resources, Forestry, Agriculture, etc.
• Meteorology and Geophysical Agency
• Indonesia State Electricity Company
• Private Sectors
• Universities
• NGOs

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EXISTING INDONESIA LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
ON TT

• Presidential Decree No.5, 2006 on energy mix by
  the year 2025
• Presidential Decree No.10, 2005 on energy
  efficiency
• Plan to plant 2 billion trees in 10 years
• Government Target
• Share of at least 17 renewable energy.
• Emission reduction in industry, transportation,
  Agriculture, waste, energy generation, forestry,
  and other sectors.

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NATIONAL ENERGY TRAJECTORY

• Enhancing energy security mitigating CO2
  emissions to secure strategic reserve, to
  improve efficiency in energy production use, to
  increase reliance on non fossil fuels and to
  sustain the domestic supply of oil/gas (slower
  growth in fossil fuel-demand in oil/gas imports
  and in emissions).
• Proposed energy technology use, diffusion and
  deployment, increasing clean energy technologies.
• Energy infrastructures and its time frame.
• Etc.

PRIMARY ENERGY MIX 2005
t1?
t3?
t2?
TARGET ENERGI MIX NASIONAL 2025 (PERPRES NO.
5/2006)
THE NATIONAL ENERGY ISSUES What is the
Sustainable Road Map?

t25


EBT





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LINKAGE BETWEEN ISSUED REGULATIONS IN POWER SECTOR
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IDENTIFICATION OF LESS GHG EMISSION TECHNOLOGIES
IN INDONESIA(Existing Indonesian TNA submited to
UNFCCC on 2001)

• The immediate objective
• to enable Indonesia to identify national
  technology needs,
• capacity building to asses international
  technology availability, and
• modalities to acquire and absorb the appropriate
  technology.
• Sectors in Existing Indonesian TNA
• Energy Sector
• Energy Industry
• Industry Sector
• Household and Commercial Sector
• Transportation sector
• Non-Energy Sector
• Agriculture and Livestock
• Forestry

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IDENTIFICATION OF LESS GHG EMISSION TECHNOLOGIES
IN INDONESIA(Existing Indonesian TNA submited to
UNFCCC on 2001)

• MODALITIES OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
• Institutional Establishment
• Regulation Development
• Procedure of Transferring Technology
• The Role of Decentralization
• System Procedure Establishment
• Financial Arrangement
• Foreign Direct Investment
• Official Development Assistance
• The Global Environmental Facility
• Clean Development Mechanism
• Multilateral Bilateral Agencies
• Regional Development Banks
• Etc.

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IDENTIFICATION OF LESS GHG EMISSION TECHNOLOGIES
IN INDONESIA(Existing Indonesian TNA submited to
UNFCCC on 2001)

• Criteria for prioritizing technology needs
• Utilization of local resources
• Rational utilization of resources
• Socio-economic important
• GHG reduction potential
• Investment cost
• Social acceptance
• Minimum impact on environment
• Methods for prioritization of technology needs
• Costbenefit and riskbenefit analyses

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IDENTIFICATION OF LESS GHG EMISSION TECHNOLOGIES
IN INDONESIA(Existing Indonesian TNA submited to
UNFCCC on 2001)

• Indonesia listed barriers and measures
  sector-wise. Types of barriers to technology
  transfer identified are
• Economic / market
• Information/awareness
• Policy
• Regulatory
• Institutional
• Human
• Technical
• Infrastructure
• Indonesia expressed concern about the high
  investment costs of selected mitigation options,
  which could translate into higher product prices
  and loss of competitiveness in the case of the
  energy sector. However, it identified barriers
  only in the transport, forestry and agriculture
  sectors.

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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER WORKING GROUP ACTIVITIES
Prioritizing of Indonesian TNA based on the
Existing TNA / Identification

• Approach / Methodology
• Technology transfer is intended to reduce the
  emission intensity of the economic activities,
  which is determined by the emission generated per
  unit of economy output.
• Derivation enrichment of the existing TNA which
  also refer to Conducting TNA for Climate Change ,
  UNDP 2004.
• Further cost/benefit, risk/benefit and
  multi-criteria analysis particularly in energy
  sector.
• Prioritizing the urgent Indonesian Technology
  Needs (mapping)

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EXPECTED SCHEDULE
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EXAMPLE OF TECHNOLOGY NEEDS IN INDONESIA

• High Efficiency Power Generation Clean Coal
  Technology, CHP Technology, etc.
• Energy Efficiency in Industrial sector (cement,
  iron steel, pulp paper, fertilizer, textile,
  mining, lime calcination, chemical, etc.)
• Energy Efficiency in Industrial Equipments
  (Industrial process, electrical motor, boiler,
  compressor, furnace, Refrigeration, heater, room
  conditioning, cooling tower, electrical system,
  combustion, pump, lighting, steam distribution,
  waste heat recovery, etc.
• Energy consumption efficiency in transportation
  including using gas for vehicles including
  improvement of public transportation
• Carbon Capture Sequestration (CCS)
• Cleaner Production Technology for Industry
• Renewable Energy Biomass, Wind, Solar, Ocean,
  Geothermal, Hydro electric, etc.
• Climate modification technology
• Climate monitoring reporting system

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PRIORITIZING PLAN OF TECHNOLOGY NEEDS

• Technology Reducing CO2 Emission in Several
  Sectors Energy, Industry, Transportation,
  Forestry, Agriculture, Ocean and Waste.
• Calculating CO2 Balance in several Sectors
  forestry, agriculture, wetland, ocean, river,
  energy, transportation, industry and public
  utility (domestic waste landfill).
• Technology for Better Climate System Monitoring
  Reporting for Indonesia.
• Technology for Identify the Impact of Climate
  Change Such as Prediction of Temperature and
  Sea Level Rise and Its Impact for Indonesia.
• New issue Technology of Using Ocean for CO2 Sink
  (80 of Indonesia Area is Ocean).

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EXAMPLE OF TECHNOLOGY NEEDS IN INDONESIA
(continue..)

• Avoiding forest burning, avoiding deforestation,
  forest conservation and reforestation, etc.
• Composting of agricultural waste, manure
  management, etc.
• Landfill management to avoid methane release
• Ocean Sequestration
• Technology for water resources management
• Industrial waste water treatment
• Industrial solid waste treatment (recovery,
  composting of palm free fruit bunch.
• Etc
• Other technology has already mentioned in
  Indonesian TNA 2001 (Identification of Less GHG
  Technology)

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ENERGY BALANCE AND CARBON (C) EMISSION OF CHP
PLANTS AND SEPARATE POWER AND HEAT (Existing
Indonesian TNA submited to UNFCCC on 2001)
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BASE CASE INDUSTRY INVESTMENT COST, OPERATIONAL
AND MAINTENANCE COST, LIFETIME, EFFICIENCY
(Existing Indonesian TNA submited to UNFCCC on
2001)
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MITIGATION OPTIONS, TOTAL SYSTEM COST AND TOTAL
CO2 RELEASED IN INDONESIA (Existing Indonesian
TNA submited to UNFCCC on 2001)
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BARRIERS AND THE INTENSITY
Barriers Intensity Economic/market
High Information/awareness Low Policy
Low Regulatory Low Institutional
Low Human Medium Technical
High Infrastructure High
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CONCLUSION

• Technology Mapping as derivation and enrichment
  from the previous Indonesian TNA of 2001 is the
  main goal of the Indonesian WGTT.
• Further the result will be used as an input to
  other sectors nationally and regionally. The
  prioritized technology is incorporated in the
  climate change national action plan.