drying out

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so you wanna make the big move to land,
eh? here's what you need to worry about
drying out having sperm find the eggs support,
if you wanna grow tall getting water
2
Coleochaete orbicularis
Susquehanna University Algal Image Archive and
Cyanosite (Purdue University).
3
Jeffrey D. Palmer, Douglas E. Soltis, and Mark W.
Chase. 2004. The plant tree of life an overview
and some points of view. American Journal of
Botany 91(10) 14371445.
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moss hornwort liverwort
http//www.rook.org/earl/bwca/nature/moss/
P. H. Raven, et al., Biology of Plants
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Jeffrey D. Palmer, Douglas E. Soltis, and Mark W.
Chase. 2004. The plant tree of life an overview
and some points of view. American Journal of
Botany 91(10) 14371445.
6
she's related to us?!! Gnetales as sister group
to the pines
J. Gordon Burleigh and Sarah Mathews. 2004
Phylogenetic signal in nucleotide data from seed
plants implications for resolving the seed plant
tree of life Am. J. Bot. 91 1599-1613.
Illustration from Prof. Dr. Otto Wilhelm Thomé,
Flora von Deutschland Österreich und der Schweiz,
1885, Gera, Germany
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Jeffrey D. Palmer, Douglas E. Soltis, and Mark W.
Chase. 2004. The plant tree of life an overview
and some points of view. American Journal of
Botany 91(10) 14371445.
8
Amborella - a basal flowering plant
missouri bottanical garden
Tim Stevens
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the Cambrian Explosion and the Appearance of
(almost) All Animal Phyla
pre-Cambrian period (Vendian 650-540 mya) -
weird stuff. animals? if so, related to what?
something else?
Tribrachidium
Charnia
Pteridinium
Kimberella
Dickinsonia
http//www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/vendian/critters.html
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the Cambrian Explosion (cont.) and the
Appearance of (almost) All Animal Phyla
http//www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/phyla/metazoafr.html
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a few examples of Cambrian species, and their
modern relatives
Bize Ulacin
John A.Long
Pikaia gracilens
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Anomalocaris - a probable Arthropod
Jean Vannier. L'explosion cambrienne, mythe ou
réalité ? http//www.futura-sciences.com/comprendr
e/d/dossier281-1.php
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remarkable preservation of digestive system in a
lower Cambrian crustacean (Naraoia)
Naraoia reconstruction
Naraoia fossil
reconstruction
picture of modern branchiuran crustacean (fish
lice, etc.)
Jean Vannier. L'explosion cambrienne, mythe ou
réalité ? http//www.futura-sciences.com/comprendr
e/d/dossier281-1.php
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Ercaia, from the Chengjiang lower Cambrian site
in China (the oldest known crustacean 515-520
mya)
Jean Vannier. L'explosion cambrienne, mythe ou
réalité ? http//www.futura-sciences.com/comprendr
e/d/dossier281-1.php
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Haikouella, a Chengjiang chordate
Chengjiang priapulid worm
ab branchial arches (with gill slits in
between) m series of muscle blocks
(myotomes) nt notochord
Jean Vannier. L'explosion cambrienne, mythe ou
réalité ? http//www.futura-sciences.com/comprendr
e/d/dossier281-1.php
17
Jean Vannier. L'explosion cambrienne, mythe ou
réalité ? http//www.futura-sciences.com/comprendr
e/d/dossier281-1.php
18
This "sudden" appearance of nearly every modern
phyla (with reasonable fossilization potential)
raises a number of questions
what was so special about the Cambrian? why do
some molecular clock estimates suggest that the
common ancestor of all animals lived almost twice
as long ago? where did animals come from? why
did it all apparently happen so "quickly" why
are there so few new "body plans" of animals that
have evolved since the Cambrian?
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"the best offense is a good defense" shelly
fossil s in the lower Cambrian
Jean Vannier. L'explosion cambrienne, mythe ou
réalité ? http//www.futura-sciences.com/comprendr
e/d/dossier281-1.php
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Doushantuo formation - Guizhou province (approx.
590-600 mya)
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Chia-Wei Li, Jun-Yuan Chen, and Tzu-En Hua.
Precambrian Sponges with Cellular
Structures Science February 6 1998, 279 879-882.
(A) A possible longitudinal section of a tubular
phosphatized sponge, showing the randomly
dispersed monaxonal spicules (s) in the mesohyl
(m). Two spicules firmly associated with
spicule-producing cells, the scleocytes, are
encircled and enlarged in (E). Scale bar, 100 µm.
(E) Amoebocytes (a) in the mesohyl (m). Scale
bar, 30 µm.
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05 February 1998 Nature 391, 553 - 558 (1998)
Three-dimensional preservation of algae and
animal embryos in a Neoproterozoic phosphorite
SHUHAI XIAO, YUN ZHANG ANDREW H. KNOLL
a gastrula??
Chen, JY Oliveri, P Gao, F Dornbos, SQ
Li, CW Bottjer, DJ Davidson, E. 2002.
Precambrian animal life Probable developmental
and adult cnidarian forms from Southwest china.
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
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Fig. 2. Close-up images of prominent
anatomical features of Vernanimalcula guizhouena.
The scale bar represents 18 µm in (A), 32 µm in
(B), 24 µm in (C), and 28 µm in (D). SO,
sensory organ, i.e., external pit LU, lumen PH,
pharynx MO, mouth CO, coelomic lumen CW,
mesodermal coelomic wall GU, gut. (A) Detail
of collared mouth, multilayered pharynx, and one
anterior surface pit. In this image, which is
from the holotype specimen (Fig. 1A), the floor
of the pit can be seen to be composed of a
specialized concave layer. Note the coelomic
wall, which here as elsewhere in these specimens
has a thickness of about 5 to 6 µm. (B) Mouth of
a fourth specimen, Q3105, displaying collared
mouth and pharynx, ventral view. (C) Lumen of
pharynx from a of the specimen, X10419,
secondarily encrusted but revealing morphology of
opening of pharynx into gut similar to that seen
in the specimens shown in Fig. 1. (D) Close-up of
spaced external pits, interpreted as possible
sensory organs, from the same specimen as shown
in Fig. 1B compare (A).