From Appomattox to Reconstruction and Beyond

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From Appomattox to Reconstruction and Beyond

• Developed by Todd Goodwin
• Bob Jones
• Marilyn Zavorski
• Applewild School
• Fitchburg, MA

Fitchburg State College, Fitchburg, MA Teaching
American History Secession, Civil War and
Reconstruction July 2005
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Focus Reconstruction and Redemption in the
South, 1868-1877 The Legacy of the Civil War
and Reconstruction
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The McLean family, who had moved from Manassas
Junction after two major battles destroyed their
farm in northeastern Virginia, started a new life
in the quiet western Virginia town of Appomattox
Court House. They still could not escape the
war. On April 9, 1865 . . .
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General Grant and General Lee meet in the
McLeans parlor to arrange the surrender of Lees
army. Though there were a few last scattered
battles in other places, historians consider this
surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia the
end of the Civil War.
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Lees hungry men were allowed to return to their
homes and farms to face an uncertain future.
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There was jubilation in the North.
http//www.wildwestweb.net/cwphotos.html
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President Lincoln visited captured Richmond and
was greeted as an emancipator by former slaves
(Freedmen) and free blacks alike.
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There were refugees all over the South, black . .
.
Black family finds safety among Federal
soldiers.
Historical photo Library of Congress
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and white.
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The South lay in ruins
from its transportation system . . .
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to its economy and banking system,
to its agricultural system,
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to its few factories,
and its churches and public buildings.
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Ruins in Charleston, S.C.Photographer George
N. Barnard
http//www.wildwestweb.net/cwphotos2.html
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Richmond, VA - City ruins, looking east from
the canal basin. Photographed after the city
surrendered, April 3, 1865.

Historical photo Library of Congress
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In Washington, D.C. people were thankful that the
war was over and hopeful for Reconstruction.
However, on Good Friday evening, 1865, at Fords
Theater . . .
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while watching the play, Our American Cousin,
President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated.
http//www.civilwarphotos.net/files/images/202.jpg
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Washington, D.C. - John Wilkes Booth jumps from
the presidential box after shooting President
Lincoln at Ford's Theatre, April 14, 1865.

Drawing Frank Leslie's Illustrated
Newspaper, May 6, 1865
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(No Transcript)
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The nation mourned its slain leader.
President Lincoln's funeral car.April
1865Photographer Andrew J. Russell.
http//www.wildwestweb.net/cwphotos2.html
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John Wilkes Booth, Lincolns assassin, was killed
resisting arrest in northern Virginia.
His co-conspirators, such as this man Lewis
Powell, who had attacked Secretary of State
Seward, were rounded up and brought to trial.
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In May of 1865 the Union Army came to Washington,
D.C. for a grand review before returning home.
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Infantry units passing on Pennsylvania Avenue
near the Treasury. Grand Review of the Army.
Washington, D.C., May 1865.

Mathew Brady, Photographer (Library of Congress)
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Washington, D.C. - Execution of four
conspirators in Lincoln's assassination Lewis
T. Powell, Mary E. Suratt, David E. Herold and
George A. Atzerodt. Original photo
by Alexander Gardner.


Historical photo Library of
Congress
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Meanwhile Reconstruction was under way with
thousands of southerners swearing allegiance to
the Union.
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The country debated what was to become of the
former slaves called Freedman.
Franchise, And Not This Man? Harpers
Weekly. August 5, 1865, p. 489
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Under Congressional Reconstruction the Freedmen
were given the right to vote in the South.
The First Vote Harpers Weekly November 16, 1867
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However, some southerners had other ideas for the
Freedmen.
http//americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/1-segr
egated/images/early-kkk-l.jpg
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Harpers Weekly 1874
http//edusolution.com/myclassroom/classnotes/reco
nstruction/USAkkk.jpg
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After Reconstruction ended in 1877, many whites
sought a return to pre-Civil War social
structures.
Under the Jim Crow system Freedmen lost many
rights, such as suffrage, and they were forced
into low-paying jobs, such as tenant farming and
sharecropping. In effect they were treated as
second-class citizens. . .
http//www.literacyrules.com/jim_crow2.htm
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or worse!
http//instruct.westvalley.edu/kelly/Distance_Lear
ning/History_17B/Lecture02/Lecture02_p04.htm
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July 26, 2005
Tuesday, July 26, 2005

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USA Todays
1946 lynchings re-enacted.
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This discrimination and segregation continued
into the 1950s and 1960s. The Civil Rights
Movement resumed the quest for freedom and
equality begun during Reconstruction.
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Rosa Parks civil disobedience triggered the
Montgomery, AL, bus boycott.
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The dream continues.
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Image credits   Miller, Francis Trevelyan, ed.,
Photographic History of the Civil War, 10
volumes, Springfield, MA Patriot Publishing,
1911. (brown-tint images)   Civil War ClipArt CD
by Finley-Holiday Film Corp., Whittier,
CA   Civil War Picture CD by Finley-Holiday Film
Corp., Whittier, CA http//www.archives.gov/educa
tion/lessons/brady-photos/ http//www.civil-war.n
et/ excellent   http//civilwarclipart.com/Clipar
tgallery/clipart1.htm http//www.civilwarphotos.n
et/files/images/202.jpg excellent  http//classr
oomclipart.com/   http//216.247.171.108/Clipartga
llery/illus.html http//instruct.westvalley.edu/k
elly/Distance_Learning/History_17B/Lecture02/Lectu
re02_p04.htm http//www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/085
_disc.html excellent Civil Rights http//www.md
hs.org/library/Z24CivilWar.html
excellent http//memory.loc.gov/learn/features/ci
vilrights/learn_more.htmlreconstruction excell
ent Slavery to Civil rights http//www.wildwestw
eb.net/cwphotos.html   http//memory.loc.gov/ammem
/cwphtml/cwphome.html   http//www.tennessee-scv.o
rg/Camp1513/clipart.htm   http//www.wisegorilla.c
om/images/civilwar/civilwar.html                  
       
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