State Perspective on Implementing Fuel Cell Technology

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State Perspective on Implementing Fuel Cell
Technology
EPA Fuel Cell Workshop

• Shannon Baxter, Ph.D.
• California Air Resources Board
• June 27, 2001

California Environmental Protection Agency
Air Resources Board
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Overview

• The California Air Resources Board
• Air Quality in California
• Motivation to Implement Fuel Cells
• Improve the air quality in CA with near-zero and
  zero emission technologies
• Encourage the fuel flexibility of new, clean
  technologies
• Implementing Fuel Cells
• Partnerships
• Mandates
• Removing barriers

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California Air Resources Board

• Part of the California Environmental Protection
  Agency
• Established in 1967 to
• Attain and maintain healthy air quality
• Conduct research
• Control pollution from motor vehicles
• 2001 Clean Air Plan

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Air Resources Boards Goal
Ensure all individuals in California, especially
children and the elderly, can live, work and play
in a healthful environment -- free from harmful
exposure to air pollution
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Improving Air QualityHighest Ozone Greater Los
Angeles
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Daily VMT Increasing Faster Than Population
vehicle miles traveled
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Why are fuel cells promising?

• Near-zero to zero emissions (including CO2)
• Higher fuel efficiency than I.C.E.
• Fuel flexible
• Quiet
• Simple
• High Quality Power

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Applications for Fuel Cells

• Transportation
• Light Duty Vehicles
• Heavy Duty Vehicles
• Marine Vehicles
• Auxiliary Power Units (APUs)
• Stationary/Distributed Power
• Homes, Offices
• Back-up generators
• Portable
• Lawn Mowers, Power Tools

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Implementing Fuel Cells
PARTNERSHIPS

• California Fuel Cell Partnership
• Stationary Fuel Cell Collaborative
• Project Funding
• Caltech/JPL, Direct methanol fuel cell
  demonstration unit development
• SunLines HbT unit
• Freightliner/Xcellsis Fuel Cell Auxillary Power
  Unit
• DCH Technologys Water Taxi

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California Fuel Cell PartnershipFull Partners
Automakers Fuel Providers Ford Texaco Daim
ler Chrysler Shell Honda BP Volkswagen
ExxonMobil Hyundai General Motors
Public Agencies Toyota Ca. Air
Resources Board Nissan Ca. Energy
Commission Fuel Cell Providers South Coast
AQMD Ballard U.S. DOE International
Fuel Cells U. S. DOT XCELLSiS
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California Fuel Cell PartnershipAssociate
Partners
Hydrogen Suppliers Transit Agencies Air
Products and Chemicals Sunline Transit Praxair
AC Transit Proton Energy Stuart Energy Hydrogen
Burner Technology Pacific Gas
Electric Methanol Supplier Methanex
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Environmental and Energy Statement of Intent
The California Fuel Cell Partnership is committed
to promoting fuel cell vehicle commercialization
as a means of moving toward a sustainable energy
future, increasing energy efficiency and reducing
or eliminating air pollutants and greenhouse gas
emissions.

• Adopted by the CaFCP Steering Team, July 2000

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Exploring the Path to Commercialization
Roadmap Study

• Cooperative effort among
• CaFCP members
• Examine opportunities
• and barriers to commercializing FCEVs
• Consider several fuel options
• - will NOT pick winners/losers
• Expect draft completed Spring 2001

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W. Sacramento Facility
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CaFCP Bus Demonstration

• Up to 20 buses placed at transit agencies
• SunLine Transit in Palm Desert
• AC Transit in the Bay Area
• Represents small fleet introduction
• Operated in regular fare service
• Fueled with hydrogen

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Stationary Fuel Cell CollaborativePURPOSE
Provide leadership role in facilitating the
advancement, demonstration and use of fuel cells
for power generation in stationary applications
throughout California
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KEY GOALS

• Fund pilot projects in partnership with
  stakeholders
• Identify and facilitate policies that encourage
  the use of fuel cells in stationary applications
• Establish a mechanism for giving weight to
  environmentally superior technologies in
  government building projects
• Participate in fuel cell education and outreach
  activities

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CORE GROUP
Proposed Membership
Governors Office Governors Office of Planning
Research Ca Air Resources Board Ca
Department of General Services Ca Energy
Commission Ca Public Utilities Commission Los
Angeles DWP South Coast AQMD National Fuel Cell
Research Center Ca Department of
Transportation Cal/EPA
Ca Resources Agency Ca Business, Transportation
and Housing Agency Ca Trade and Commerce U.S.
Department Of Energy U.S. Department Of
Defense U.S. General Service Administration U.
S. Environmental Protection Agency Houston
Advanced Research Center
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ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Proposed Membership

• Fuel Cell Manufacturers
• Government Agencies
• Utilities
• Fuel Suppliers
• Potential Developers
• Non-Governmental Organizations

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POTENTIAL TASKS
Short-Term Tasks

• Purchase of fuel cell units by California
  agencies
• Explore agreements to include fuel cells for new
  building projects
• Support pilot projects in industrial sectors with
  high sensitivity to power reliability
• Support demonstration projects that have
  capability to facilitate market adoption
• Develop and maintain web site

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POTENTIAL TASKS
Ongoing/Long-Term Tasks

• Support fuel cell technologies for stationary
  power generation applications
• Work with agencies developing regulations for
  distributed power generation
• Partner with key stakeholders to fund stationary
  fuel cell projects
• Establish and maintain effective communication
  with stakeholders

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RESOURCES
Potential Funding Opportunities

• Self-generation buy down program (PUC)
• Public Interest Energy Research program (CEC)
• Renewables buy down program (CEC)
• Other State funds (e.g., ICAT)
• Advanced Technology Fund (SCAQMD)
• Penalty funds
• SB 5X, Appropriations for State Energy Projects

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Hydrogen-Powered Water Transportation System

• Co-funding DCH Technologies project to develop
  hydrogen-powered water transportation system
• System
• hydrogen turbine technology transitioning to PEM
  fuel cells
• mobile dockside fueling station employing
  fuel-flexible reformer
• Looking to expand boat builders, fishing fleets
  and ferries

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Hydrogen Fuels Issues that will require
Government Assistance

• Storage issues
• Distribution issues
• Safety
• Standardization
• Convenience / Availability
• Costs
• Experience

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Implementing Fuel CellsMandate is Good Public
Policy

• Sets challenging but achievable environmental
  standard
• Accelerates adoption of clean vehicle
  technologies
• Wide ranging environmental and energy benefits
• Economic growth opportunities for California

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Zero Emission Bus Mandate

• Large Transit Agencies (200 buses) can use
  diesel or natural gas as their primary fuel
• Large fleets primarily using diesel fuel must
  demonstrate ZEBs in 2003
• ARB ZEB feasibility review in 2006
• 15 purchase requirements 2008 (for buses on
  diesel path), 2010 (for buses on alt. fuel path)

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Economic BenefitsZEV Program

• New technologies - a California strength
• New businesses
• New jobs
• New partnerships

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Advanced Vehicle Technology and Design
CentersSouthern California
Santa Barbara County
San Bernardino County
Santa Barbara County Ashman Technology, Pavlics
Engineering, Kilovac

Ventura County BMW, Volvo, Volkswagen, ODU USA,
APS, Dreyco, Energy Systems, Motorola,
Pentadyne, Planet Electric, US Flywheel Systems,
Capstone Turbine
San Dimas
Chino

Fountain Valley
Los Angeles County General Motors ATV, Honda,
Toyota, Honeywell, Enova Systems, Replica
Roadsters, International Rectifier, Jinriksha,
Litton Industries, Modular Electric, REBAC,
Econotech, Hydrogen Burner Technology, Enginuity,
Phoenix Fuel Cell Systems, HyGen Industries,
Rockwell, Nissan, Mitsubushi, EBUS, Trojan
Battery, Yussa/Exide, Keystone Battery, DCH
Technology, Harvest Energy, FAS Engineering, JPL,
Clean Fuel Connection, Stuart Energy USA,
TechTran, Aerovironment, Delphi Automotive, AC
Propulsion, Amerigon, Allison Products
Corona
Riverside County

Orange County Fords Premier Auto Group (Lincoln
Mercury, Volvo, Jaguar, Aston-Martin), Hyundai,
Kia, Mazda, Doran Motor, Gorilla Vehicles, Taylor
Dunn, Power Systems Group, Gaffoglio
Metalcrafters, Equus Marketing, AutoPacific,
Prisma Design, Eco Soul, Badsey Industrial
San Diego County Nissan, Th!nk Group, XCELLSIS,
Alturdyne, ISE Research, Signal Processing,
Schock Power Conversions
San Bernardino County Eldorado National, KTA
Riverside County US Battery
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California-Based Hydrogen Technology Providers

• Partial list includes
• Harvest Energy Technology
• Hydro Environment Resources
• Hydrogen Burner Technology
• Hygen Industries
• IMPCO Technologies
• Procyon Power Systems
• Stuart Energy
• Technip USA

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Vision for the Future

• Nearly all zero and near-zero emission vehicles
• Improved fuel efficiency for lower emissions
• Sustainable fuel supply H2 for fuel cells
• Clean, healthful air for everyone