Hydrogen Cars, yall

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Hydrogen Cars, yall

• Alan Branch
• Kellyn Parker
• Kevin Szawala

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Hydrogen Cars

• Problems
• Solutions
• Fuel Cells
• Dangers
• Obstacles
• Benefits
• Action
• Future of H

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Why go to hydrogen? - Problems

• Limited oil supply
• CO2 emissions cause pollution (Smog in large
  cities)

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Limited Oil Supply

• According to the United States Geological
  Survey's (USGS) latest report, published in 2000,
  with 28.8 billion barrels currently being used a
  year (79 million a day), there is some 80 years
  of supply left in the ground.

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CO2 emissions from cars

• The average mileage per year in a petrol car is
  12,000. This equates to approximately 6 tons of
  CO2 per year

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Increase in emissions from cars

• During the year 2000 in the United States alone,
  the number of motor vehicles has increased six
  times faster than the number of humans and twice
  as fast as the number of new drivers.  In
  California, it was found that 65 or more of air
  pollution since the 1940s along the Southern
  coast was due to motor vehicle tailpipe emissions

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Car Exhaust
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Pollution caused by cars
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Solutions
10
Peter Schwartz, of the Global Business Network,

• by 2013, a third of all new cars sold could be
  hydrogen-powered, 15 of the national gas
  stations could pump hydrogen and the United
  States could get more than half of its energy
  from domestic sources.

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What is a Fuel Cell Engine?

• A fuel cell produces energy by converting
  hydrogen and oxygen into electricity
• Releases only water vapor and heat

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PEM Fuel Cell
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Dangers

• Ozone damage
• The National Center for Atmospheric Research and
  a team of scientists from several California
  universities, worry that released hydrogen into
  the upper atmosphere could deplete the ozone
  layer,
• Soil absorption
• researchers from Cal Tech like John Eiler say,
  This man-made hydrogen will either be absorbed
  in the soilor will react with other compounds in
  the atmosphere

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Obstacles

• Restructuring of infrastructure
• 20-50 years to convert gas stations
• Public Fear
• 1937 German Hindenburg disaster
• Costs
• According to Chris Birroni, GMs leading fuel
  cell expert, a gas-powered engine costs only
  3,000 while a hydrogen fuel-cell engine costs
  30,000.

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Benefits of Hydrogen

• Clean and efficient
• Economic growth
• Energy security
• Backup power supply

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Benefits oil supply

• If 20 of the vehicles today used fuel cells,
  our world could cut oil imports by 1.5 million
  barrels/day.

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Benefits pollution

• if 10 of automobiles nationwide were powered by
  fuel cells, regulated air pollutants would be cut
  by one million tons per year and 60 million tons
  of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide would be
  eliminated.

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Action

• Whats being done to make hydrogen powered cars
  mainstream.

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Bushs 2003 State of the Union Address

• 1.7 billion dollar plan to help the United
  States become the world leader in clean
  hydrogen-powered automobiles. 

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California Clean Air Act of 1988

• 67 of air pollution in California caused by cars
• Since its instatement the state has asked for
  alternate fuels and propulsion systems like
  hydrogen fuel cells.

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Who is making hydrogen powered cars?

• BMW
• GM
• Toyota
• Honda
• Ford
• Many more to come.

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Future of Hydrogen

• The options are limitless

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Batmobile?
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References

• Chen C, Feng W, Wang S, et al.  The future of
  hydrogen infrastructure for fuel cell vehicles
     in China and a case of application in
  Beijing.  Int J Hydrogen Energy 2004 29
  355-367.
•  
• Davis, Nicole. Is Hydrogen the Gasoline of the
  Future? National Geographic News. Sep. 2003.
•  
• Dönitz W.  Fuel Cells for mobile applications,
  status, requirements and future application
  potential. Int J Hydrogen Energy 1998 23
  611-615.
• Ewen-Campen, Ben, and Scott Long. Alternative
  Energy Vehicles. Apr. 2003.
• How a PEM Fuel Cell Works. National Science
  Foundation. 2005.
• Hydrogen Fuel Cells. BullNet. 2005.

• Jeong KS, Lee HS, Oh BS.  An experimental study
  of controlling strategies and drive forces for
  hydrogen fuel cell hybrid vehicles. Int J
  Hydrogen Energy 2002 28 215-222.
•  
• Mulik, Katie. Does Hydrogen Fuel Pose
  Environmental Problems? The News Hour. Oct.
  2003.
• Oi T, Wada K.  Feasibility study on hydrogen
  refueling infrastructure for fuel cell vehicles
  using the off-peak power in Japan. Int J Hydrogen
  Energy 2004 29 347-354.
• "Ranji" SG, Van Vorst Wm D.  Impact of the
  California Clean Air Act. Int J Hydrogen Energy
  1997 22 31-38.
• Shiels, Maggie. Is Hydrogen the Fuel of the
  Future? BBC News. Mar. 2003.
• "How much oil does the world have left?" The
  Observer. Jan. 2004 pg. 6.