Roman Beginnings

1
Roman Beginnings
2
Roman Beginnings

• Rome started with the
• Latin Tribe on the Italian Peninsula
• in the Tiber River Valley
• around 2000 B.C.

3
Italian Peninsula Powers
4
Etruscans
5
Etruscans

• The Etruscans took over the Latins in 800 B.C.

6
Etruscans

• The Etruscans took over the Latins in 800 B.C.
• A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over
  the Latins
  

7
Etruscans

• The Etruscans took over the Latins in 800 B.C.
• A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over
  the Latins
  
• The king kept a Latin advisory council called the
  Senate
  

8
Etruscans

• The Etruscans took over the Latins in 800 B.C.
• A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over
  the Latins
  
• The king kept a Latin advisory council called the
  Senate
  
• The Senate was made up of land owners or
  Patricians.
  

9
Etruscans

• The Etruscans took over the Latins in 800 B.C.
• A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over
  the Latins
  
• The king kept a Latin advisory council called the
  Senate
  
• The Senate was made up of land owners or
  Patricians.
  
• The common people were known as Plebeians.

10
Eventually
11
Eventually

• The Tarquin (Etruscan Family) Dynasty was
  overthrown.
  

12
Eventually

• The Tarquin (Etruscan Family) Dynasty was
  overthrown.
  
• Rome forms its own government.

13
The Roman Republic
14
The Roman Republic

• Republic Citizens elect representatives to run
  the government.

15
The Republic
16
The Republic

• Established in 509 B.C.

17
The Republic

• Established in 509 B.C.
• Gives each tribe of Rome representation in the
  government.
  

18
The Republic

• Established in 509 B.C.
• Gives each tribe of Rome representation in the
  government.
  
• Uses two different branches to run the
  government
  

19
The Roman Republic
20
The Roman Republic

• Senate

21
The Roman Republic

• Senate

• Consuls

22
The Roman Republic

• Senate
• Law Makers

• Consuls

23
The Roman Republic

• Senate
• Law Makers
• 300 Members

• Consuls

24
The Roman Republic

• Senate
• Law Makers
• 300 Members
• -Proposed Laws

• Consuls

25
The Roman Republic

• Senate
• Law Makers
• 300 Members
• -Proposed Laws
• -Lifetime Terms

• Consuls

26
The Roman Republic

• Senate
• Law Makers
• 300 Members
• -Proposed Laws
• -Lifetime Terms
• -Nominated Consuls

• Consuls

27
The Roman Republic

• Senate
• Law Makers
• 300 Members
• -Proposed Laws
• -Lifetime Terms
• -Nominated Consuls
• -Consuls appoint vacancies

• Consuls

28
The Roman Republic

• Senate
• Law Makers
• 300 Members
• -Proposed Laws
• -Lifetime Terms
• -Nominated Consuls
• -Consuls appoint vacancies

• Consuls
• Chief Executive

29
The Roman Republic

• Senate
• Law Makers
• 300 Members
• -Proposed Laws
• -Lifetime Terms
• -Nominated Consuls
• -Consuls appoint vacancies

• Consuls
• Chief Executive
• Two Positions

30
The Roman Republic

• Senate
• Law Makers
• 300 Members
• -Proposed Laws
• -Lifetime Terms
• -Nominated Consuls
• -Consuls appoint vacancies

• Consuls
• Chief Executive
• Two Positions
• -One year terms (to limit their power)

31
The Roman Republic

• Senate
• Law Makers
• 300 Members
• -Proposed Laws
• -Lifetime Terms
• -Nominated Consuls
• -Consuls appoint vacancies

• Consuls
• Chief Executive
• Two Positions
• -One year terms (to limit their power)
• -During war time one is chosen to act as dictator

32
But
33
But

• Only Patricians could be part of the government.

34
Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights
35
Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights

• 509B.C. - Republic created Plebeians are
  citizens with the right to vote, but they could
  not hold political office

36
Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights

• 509B.C. - Republic created Plebeians are
  citizens with the right to vote, but they could
  not hold political office
  
• 494B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and
  Tribunes

37
Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights

• 509B.C. - Republic created Plebeians are
  citizens with the right to vote, but they could
  not hold political office
  
• 494B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and
  Tribunes
  
• 451B.C. - Twelve Tables created Ensuring the
  right to protection of the law for all Roman
  citizens
  

38
Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights

• 509B.C. - Republic created Plebeians are
  citizens with the right to vote, but they could
  not hold political office
  
• 494B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and
  Tribunes
  
• 451B.C. - Twelve Tables created Ensuring the
  right to protection of the law for all Roman
  citizens
  
• 287B.C. - Plebeian Assembly evolves into the
  Popular Assembly with near equal status to the
  Senate

39
Rome Expands
40
Rome Expands

• North - Took over the Etruscans

41
Rome Expands

• North - Took over the Etruscans
• South - Took over the Greeks

42
Rome Expands

• North - Took over the Etruscans
• South - Took over the Greeks
• By 270B.C. Rome ruled all of central and southern
  Italy

43
Punic Wars
44
Punic Wars

• Series of three wars over 100 years Carthage
  versus Rome

45
Punic Wars

• Series of three wars over 100 years Carthage
  versus Rome
  
• First War 241B.C. - Sicily

46
Punic Wars

• Series of three wars over 100 years Carthage
  versus Rome
  
• First War 241B.C. - Sicily
• Carthage controlled part of Sicily, Rome wanted
  it as a buffer

47
Punic Wars

• Series of three wars over 100 years Carthage
  versus Rome
  
• First War 241B.C. - Sicily
• Carthage controlled part of Sicily, Rome wanted
  it as a buffer
  
• Fought by ships

48
Punic Wars

• Series of three wars over 100 years Carthage
  versus Rome
  
• First War 241B.C. - Sicily
• Carthage controlled part of Sicily, Rome wanted
  it as a buffer
  
• Fought by ships
• Rome won!

49
Hannibal
50
Hannibal

• 219B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks
  Rome

51
Hannibal

• 219B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks
  Rome
  
• Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over
  the Alps

52
Hannibal

• 219B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks
  Rome
  
• Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over
  the Alps
  
• Losing half of his men

53
Hannibal

• 219B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks
  Rome
  
• Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over
  the Alps
  
• Losing half of his men
• Rome attacks North Africa

54
Hannibal

• 219B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks
  Rome
  
• Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over
  the Alps
  
• Losing half of his men
• Rome attacks North Africa
• Hannibal returns to Africa to defend Carthage

55
Hannibal

• 219B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks
  Rome
  
• Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over
  the Alps
  
• Losing half of his men
• Rome attacks North Africa
• Hannibal returns to Africa to defend Carthage
• He is defeated at Zama (50 miles from Carthage)
  in 202B.C.

56
Third Punic War
57
Third Punic War

• 199B.C. Carthage attacked a Roman ally

58
Third Punic War

• 199B.C. Carthage attacked a Roman ally
• Rome gets annoyed with Carthage and they destroy
  the city of Carthage

59
Third Punic War

• 199B.C. Carthage attacked a Roman ally
• Rome gets annoyed with Carthage and they destroy
  the city of Carthage
  
• Therefore Rome controls all Carthaginian land

60
Third Punic War

• 199B.C. Carthage attacked a Roman ally
• Rome gets annoyed with Carthage and they destroy
  the city of Carthage
  
• Therefore Rome controls all Carthaginian land

North Africa Roman Province
61
Rome before the wars
62
Rome after the Punic Wars
63
Roman Map
64
Roman Empire
65
Roman Empire

• Expanding across the Mediterranean brought many
  changes to Rome

66
Expansion under the Republic
67
Expansion under the Republic

• Rome expanded to
• 146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece

68
Expansion under the Republic

• Rome expanded to
• 146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece
• 133 B.C. Asia Minor

69
Expansion under the Republic

• Rome expanded to
• 146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece
• 133 B.C. Asia Minor
• 100 B.C. Middle East and Egypt

70
Expansion under the Republic

• Rome expanded to
• 146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece
• 133 B.C. Asia Minor
• 100 B.C. Middle East and Egypt

MEDITERRANEAN SEA   
71
Expansion under the Republic

• Rome expanded to
• 146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece
• 133 B.C. Asia Minor
• 100 B.C. Middle East and Egypt

MEDITERRANEAN SEA    MARE NOSTRUM
72
Expansion under the Republic

• Rome expanded to
• 146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece
• 133 B.C. Asia Minor
• 100 B.C. Middle East and Egypt

MEDITERRANEAN SEA    MARE NOSTRUM OUR SEA
73
End of the Republic
74
End of the Republic

• Senate became too powerful and the army was doing
  all the work

75
Enter Julius Caesar
76
Enter Julius Caesar

• Popular General

77
Enter Julius Caesar

• Popular General
• Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took
  over Gaul

78
Enter Julius Caesar

• Popular General
• Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took
  over Gaul
  
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate
                                  

79
Enter Julius Caesar

• Popular General
• Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took
  over Gaul
  
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate
                                  (oligarchy)

80
Enter Julius Caesar

• Popular General
• Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took
  over Gaul
  
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate
                                  (oligarchy)
  
• Overthrew the Senate

81
Enter Julius Caesar

• Popular General
• Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took
  over Gaul
  
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate
                                  (oligarchy)
  
• Overthrew the Senate (weakened it)

82
Enter Julius Caesar

• Popular General
• Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took
  over Gaul
  
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate
                                  (oligarchy)
  
• Overthrew the Senate (weakened it)
• Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans

83
Enter Julius Caesar

• Popular General
• Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took
  over Gaul
  
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate
                                  (oligarchy)
  
• Overthrew the Senate (weakened it)
• Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans
• Adjusted taxes

84
Enter Julius Caesar

• Popular General
• Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took
  over Gaul
  
• 44B.C. formed the First Triumvirate
                                  (oligarchy)
  
• Overthrew the Senate (weakened it)
• Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans
• Adjusted taxes (taxed rich more than the poor)

85
Julius Caesar

• Became a dictator

86
Julius Caesar

• Became a dictator
• All powerful

87
Julius Caesar

• Became a dictator
• All powerful
• According to the Senate

88
Julius Caesar

• Became a dictator
• All powerful
• According to the Senate
• He was too powerful!

89
Julius Caesar

• Became a dictator
• All powerful
• According to the Senate
• He was too powerful!

Senate assassinates/murders Julius Caesar
90
Octavian Mark Antony
91
Octavian Mark Antony

• Restore order by eliminating certain powerful
  senators
  

92
Octavian Mark Antony

• Restore order by eliminating certain powerful
  senators
  
• Decide to split the empire and rule over two
  different sections - East and West
  

93
Octavian Mark Antony

• Restore order by eliminating certain powerful
  senators
  
• Decide to split the empire and rule over two
  different sections - East and West
  
• Octavian Western Empire and Rome

94
Octavian Mark Antony

• Restore order by eliminating certain powerful
  senators
  
• Decide to split the empire and rule over two
  different sections - East and West
  
• Octavian Western Empire and Rome
• Mark Antony Eastern Empire and Egypt

95
Mark Antony Cleopatra
96
Mark Antony Cleopatra

• Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful
  heir to the Roman throne

97
Mark Antony Cleopatra

• Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful
  heir to the Roman throne
  
• She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian

98
Mark Antony Cleopatra

• Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful
  heir to the Roman throne
  
• She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian
• Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at
  Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian
  Peninsula)

99
Mark Antony Cleopatra

• Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful
  heir to the Roman throne
  
• She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian
• Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at
  Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian
  Peninsula)
  
• Octavian wins

100
Mark Antony Cleopatra

• Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful
  heir to the Roman throne
  
• She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian
• Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at
  Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian
  Peninsula)
  
• Octavian wins
• Cleopatra and Mark Antony commit suicide

101
Augustus Caesar
102
Augustus Caesar

• Octavian is named emperor by the Senate

103
Augustus Caesar

• Octavian is named emperor by the Senate
• Augustus the majestic

104
Augustus Caesar

• Octavian is named emperor by the Senate
• Augustus the majestic

The Roman Empire is born!
105
Pax Romana (Roman Peace)
106
Augustus
107
Augustus

• Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)

108
Augustus

• Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)
• Concentrated on building the empire from within

109
Augustus

• Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)
• Concentrated on building the empire from within
• Adjusted taxes

110
Augustus

• Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)
• Concentrated on building the empire from within
• Adjusted taxes
• Public works

111
Augustus

• Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)
• Concentrated on building the empire from within
• Adjusted taxes
• Public works
• Lack of corruption

112
Augustus

• Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana)
• Concentrated on building the empire from within
• Adjusted taxes
• Public works
• Lack of corruption
• Encouraged large Roman families

113
Roman Trade
114
Decline of the Roman Empire
180A.D. End of Marcus Aurelius reign
A series of leader came after - did not lead
well, were brutal
Hostile tribes outside of Rome begin to threaten
trade routes
Raising of taxes
Barbarians invading Rome hire mercenaries to figh
t lack of loyalty
Political office no longer an honor costs to
lead
Inflation from overproduction of less valued
coinage
Decreasing Population -harvests declined
(less fertile land) -slave labor no new
technology -disease and starvation
115
Causes of the Decline of Rome
116
Causes of the Decline of Rome

• Romes economy declines.

117
Causes of the Decline of Rome

• Romes economy declines.
• Rome faces military upheaval.

118
Causes of the Decline of Rome

• Romes economy declines.
• Rome faces military upheaval.
• Roman politics decay.

119
Causes of the Decline of Rome

• Romes economy declines.
• Rome faces military upheaval.
• Roman politics decay.
• Bigger gap between the rich and poor.

120
Causes of the Decline of Rome

• Romes economy declines.
• Rome faces military upheaval.
• Roman politics decay.
• Bigger gap between the rich and poor.

Rome splits into East and West
121
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the
Western Roman Empire
122
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the
Western Roman Empire

• Economic

123
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the
Western Roman Empire

• Economic
• Inflation

124
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the
Western Roman Empire

• Economic
• Inflation
• Disruption of Trade

125
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the
Western Roman Empire

• Economic
• Inflation
• Disruption of Trade
• Military

126
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the
Western Roman Empire

• Economic
• Inflation
• Disruption of Trade
• Military
• Threats from Northern European tribes

127
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the
Western Roman Empire

• Economic
• Inflation
• Disruption of Trade
• Military
• Threats from Northern European tribes
• Decline of patriotism loyalty among soldiers

128
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the
Western Roman Empire

• Economic
• Inflation
• Disruption of Trade
• Military
• Threats from Northern European tribes
• Decline of patriotism loyalty among soldiers
• Low funds for defense

129
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the
Western Roman Empire

• Economic
• Inflation
• Disruption of Trade
• Military
• Threats from Northern European tribes
• Decline of patriotism loyalty among soldiers
• Low funds for defense
• Political

130
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the
Western Roman Empire

• Economic
• Inflation
• Disruption of Trade
• Military
• Threats from Northern European tribes
• Decline of patriotism loyalty among soldiers
• Low funds for defense
• Political
• Division of the empire

131
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the
Western Roman Empire

• Economic
• Inflation
• Disruption of Trade
• Military
• Threats from Northern European tribes
• Decline of patriotism loyalty among soldiers
• Low funds for defense
• Political
• Division of the empire
• Political office seen as a burden, not an honor

132
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the
Western Roman Empire

• Economic
• Inflation
• Disruption of Trade
• Military
• Threats from Northern European tribes
• Decline of patriotism loyalty among soldiers
• Low funds for defense
• Political
• Division of the empire
• Political office seen as a burden, not an honor
• Social

133
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the
Western Roman Empire

• Economic
• Inflation
• Disruption of Trade
• Military
• Threats from Northern European tribes
• Decline of patriotism loyalty among soldiers
• Low funds for defense
• Political
• Division of the empire
• Political office seen as a burden, not an honor
• Social
• Lack of confidence in the empire

134
Contributing Factors to the Decline of the
Western Roman Empire

• Economic
• Inflation
• Disruption of Trade
• Military
• Threats from Northern European tribes
• Decline of patriotism loyalty among soldiers
• Low funds for defense
• Political
• Division of the empire
• Political office seen as a burden, not an honor
• Social
• Lack of confidence in the empire
• Decline in interest of political affairs