Franciscan Themes in Leadership Philosophy

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Franciscan Themes in Leadership Philosophy

• Dr. Bongrae Seok
• Alvernia College

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• Goals
• To Contrast and Analyze the Power Based
  Leadership and the Service Based Leadership
• To Understand Franciscan Leadership Philosophy
  within the tradition of Service Based Leadership

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• Leadership, What is it?
• Agent/Person (Leader)
• Task/Job Achievement
• Goal and Vision
• A continuous process of communication/interaction

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Leaders Qualities
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Goal Achievement
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Vision
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Group Dynamics
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Communication
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• ?

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• The Power Based Leadership
• Leadership starts with power, works through
  power, and ends with more power.
• Power is the agents (i.e., leaders) capacity to
  change followers behavior (Yukl, 1994).

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• Power
• unequally distributed,
• asymmetric, and
• behavior changing force

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• Machiavelli (1532) focuses on effective of power
  and control
• A prince should disregard the reproach of
  being thought cruel where it enables him to keep
  his subjects united and obedient.A prince
  should inspire fear in such as fashion that if he
  does not win love he may escape hate
  (Machiavelli, 1532/2003, p. 40).

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• HanFeiZi focuses on the power of status and
  position (not of morality/wisdom).
• one can see that worthiness and wisdom are
  never enough to subdue the multitude, while the
  power of status and position are sufficient to
  make even the worthy bend (HanFeiZi, Ch 8)

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• The Service Based Leadership
• Followers, not the leaders.
• Inspirational Support and Caring
• Sharing experience and vision
• No Manipulation, no Abuse, no Dominance
• No self motivated interests
• No paternalistic control

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• Leadership, according to Greenleaf, is service
  and leaders are servants. A servant leaders
  primary interest is not manipulating followers
  and blindly changing their behavior but attending
  and serving the needs of followers.

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• Three Types of the Service Based Leadership
• Duty Towards Others (No Harm, Help)
• Social Responsibility Fighting against
  Social/Economic Inequality and Injustice
• Serving Higher Common Goals/Values

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First type (servant leadership)

• Altruistic Duty towards Others
• Altruistic orientation drives the first form of
  servant leadership. In this form of servant
  leadership, service means a duty towards others.
• I will follow that method of treatment which
  according to my ability and judgment, I consider
  for the benefit of my patient and abstain from
  whatever is harmful or mischievous.

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Second type (servant leadership)

• Social responsibility.
• Removal of social/economic inequality and
  injustice to recognize every member of a group as
  an equal stakeholder.

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Third type (servant leadership)

• Shifting of emphases from leaders initiative and
  personal vision to the greater values already
  inherent in the group.
• A leader is simply a medium or a messenger of
  higher and more important vision than his or her
  own.

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St. Francis of Assisi
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St. Francis Prayer

• Lord, make me an instrument of your peace
• service to greater value
• Where there is hatred, let me sow love
• .
• O Divine Master,
• Grant that I may not so much seek service to
  others
• To be consoled as to console
• To be understood as to understand
• To be loved as to love
• For it is in giving that we receive self
  negation
• It is in pardoning that we are pardoned
• It is in dying that we are born again to eternal
  life. (emphases added)

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Laozi (5th Century BCE)
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• In order to be the superior of the people,
• One must, in the use of words, place himself
  below them.
• And in order to be ahead of the people,
• One must, in ones own person, follow them.
  (DaoDeJing, 66)

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• The sage does not accumulate for himself.
• The more he uses for others, the more he has
  himself.
• The more he gives to others, the more he
  possesses of his own.
• The way of Heaven is to benefit others and not to
  injure.
• The way of the sage is to act but not to compete.
  (DaoDeJing, 81)

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• The greatest of rulers is but a shadowy presence.
  
• Franciscan leaders or servant leaders
• Next is the ruler who is loved and praised
• Popular leaders, Opinion Leaders
• Next is the one who is feared
• Machiavellian Leaders
• Next is the one who is reviled. (DaoDeJing, 17)

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Jim Colins Level 5 Leadership
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• Level five leaders are the people who, unlike
  Hollywood celebrities or business elites, do not
  boast of their achievements and share the success
  with subordinates,

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• Conclusion
• With its deep historical/philosophical
  foundations, the service based leadership
  provides a good alternative to traditional leader
  centered approach and the power based leadership.
  
• Like Daoist Leadership philosophy and Jim
  Collins Level 5 leadership, Service and Humility
  are the main themes of Franciscan Leadership
  philosophy.
• The secret of leadership success By lowering or
  emptying out oneself, one can lead people.

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• Service based leadership deconstructs leadership
  to reconstruct it
• It is not you.
• It is the one that you serve that changes you and
  your followers.

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• A leader is like a good waiter.
• A waiter helps customers to order and enjoy meals.

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• A leader is like a ladder. Once used (climbed
  up), it is pushed away.

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• Leadership is like a pointing finger. It is
  pointing something important but it should not be
  attended at.

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• A leader is like a blackhole.
• A leader makes itself empty (makes itself humble,
  accommodating, and non dominating).
• The power is limitless because of the emptiness.

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