PowerPointPrsentation

1
The International Experience Europe
Axel FriedrichUmweltbundesamt (UBA)Germany
Developing Road maps for Conventional Fuels in
Asia
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Fuel specifications

• Mandatory fuel specifications for gasoline and
  diesel in two stages - 2000 and 2005

From 2009 sulphur limit is 10 ppm it has to be
available on stations 2005 tax incentives can
be used to introduce this quality earlier
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Vehicle Fuels Specification

• Gasoline, Diesel sulfur at 50 ppm today, 10 ppm
  being progressively introduced
• Low sulfur is a key enabling property for
  advanced low-emission vehicles
• Benefits of low sulfur diesel fuel will
  continuously improve as next generation vehicles
  enter the market.

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Fuel Taxation in Germany

• Higher fuel tax ( 1.5 ct/Litre)for low sulphur
  gasoline and diesel fuel with more than 50 ppm
  Sulphur from the 1.1.2001
• Higher fuel tax ( 1,5 ct/Litre)for gasoline
  and diesel with more than 10 ppm Sulphur from the
  1.1.2003(lt 10ppm sulphur free)
• additionally the so called Eco tax reform from
  1999 to 2003 was imposed. Every year the fuel tax
  was raised by 1.5 ct/litre

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Sulphur Free Fuel
From 1st of January 2003 1.5 ct per litre tax
incentive for sulphur content less than 10 ppm
for both gasoline and diesel fuel ( Onroad and
offroad ! ).Market changed completely in a short
period
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New Catalysts for Lower Sulfur Fuels

• Increasing ultra-low sulfur diesel producibility
• proprietary catalyst technology
• activity level tripled
• rapid development / deployment
• Meeting gasoline sulfur specifications with
  minimal octane loss
• Proprietary catalyst technology
• clear octane advantage
• lower operating cost

Nebula-20 for Diesel
Activity
New Generation Catalysts
Early Commercial Catalysts
55 65 75 85 95 05
SCANfining for Gasoline
KBD
Source
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Emission Development in Germany Benzene and
Diesel Particles
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Effect of Fuel Sulphur Content on Emissions of
Gasoline Passenger Cars with Three Way Catalyst
at 50 000 Miles
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Effect of Fuel Sulphur Content on Benzene
Emissions of Gasoline Passenger Cars with Three
Way Catalyst at 50 000 km
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Impact of Fuel S Level on PM Emissions
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UBA 8th september 99 - G. BELOT
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Development potentials of diesel engines
Catalyst start-off behaviour
Test precedure Engine test bench, part load ,
1,9 l TDI engine
CO conversion
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Effect of diesel sulphur content on an oxidation
catalytic converter
A4 V6 TDI
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15
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HCNOx
CO
NOx
PM
Basis EU IV
-5
S lt 10 ppm
S 50 ppm
S 350 ppm
-15
-25
Compliance with all EU IV limits only possible
with S lt 10 ppm!
-35
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UBA proposal for HDV




Euro
V
Euro
V
I



1999/96/EG




2008/2009

As of 2010

1)
2)
1)
2)

ESC

ETC


ESC

ETC



g / kWh

g / kWh

g / kWh

g / kWh

CO

1,5

4,0

1,5

4,0

HC

0,46


0,46


NMHC


0,55


0,55

3
)
3
)
Methan


1,1



1,1


NO

1,0

1,0

0,5

0,5

x
Partikel

0,005

0,005
0

0,005

0,0
0
5


1
)
Additonal transient test for diesel with after
treatment
-

2
)
For gas engines only transient test
-
3
)

For CNG engines only
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Strategies for Euro 5(?) with After Treatment
EURO V
EURO IV
EURO 3 (Base line)
EURO V ?
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SCR-urea
SCR Catalyst (S) 4NH3 4NO O2 ? 4N2
6H2O 2NH3 NO NO2 ? 2N2 3H2O 8NH3 6NO2 ?
7N2 12H2O
Exhaust Gas
Oxidation Catalyst (V) 2NO O2 ? 2NO2 4HC 3O2
? 2CO2 2H2O 2CO O2 ? 2CO2
Oxidation Catalyst (O) 4NH3 3O2 ? 2N2 6H2O
Source - AECC
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SCR- System im ETC- Test
conversion 85
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Source ACEA, June 2003
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NOx Emissions - ETC
Source Concawe
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Maritime Shipping Fuel Waste incineration at
Sea
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The Bottom of the Barrel

• Increasing demand for low S HFO
• MARPOL Annex VI entered into force May 19, 2005
• which has no impact to the average S- content
  in the HFO
• EU Sulfur in Marine Fuels Directive
• 1.5 S max for Special Areas like Baltic Sea
  and in the future North Sea
• More action is needed!

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axel.friedrich_at_uba.dewww.umweltbundesamt.deMembe
r of ICCT
New Address 068440 Dessau POB 1406 Tel 49
340 2103 2562