The Middle Ages

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The Middle Ages

• Cultural Achievements

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Architecture

• Romanesque stylebefore the 12th century, this
  was the main style used for building catherdrals
  thick walls, few windows, rounded arches, strong
  columns
• Gothic Stylestarting with 12th century thin
  walls, flying buttresses, pointed arches, tall
  spires, gargoyles, stained glass windows

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Pisa, Italy..Romanesque style
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notice the small windows, rounded arches, and use
of columns
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Notre Dame---Gothic style
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Look at the pointed arches and flying buttresses!
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Its been cleaned!
Look at the rose window!
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Gargoyle!
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A better picture of Notre Dame in Paris
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Westminster Abbey in London.Gothic Style!
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Westminster Abbey, again
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Higher Education

• In the 11th and 12th centuries, scholars founded
  many important universities in Europe
• ExamplesUniversity of Bologna (the oldest!),
  University of Paris, Oxford and Cambrige,
  University of Salamanca

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Bologna A Medieval City
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View from my apartment window!
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View from the Asinelli Tower
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Piazza Maggiore!
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Church of San PetronioPatron Saint of Bologna
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Piazza Maggiore!
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Bologna is the most porticoed city in the world!
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Due Torre!
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Science and Philosophy

• Roger Baconinsisted that science requires
  experimentation and observation
• St.Thomas Aquinas
• the greatest medieval philosopher
• Wrote Summa Theologica
• In Christianity, he denied any conflict between
  reason and faith

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Literature

• Although few books were written, many kinds of
  literature flourished
• BeowulfAn Old English Poem
• The Song of Rolanda French Epic
• Niebelungenlieda German tale
• Song of Cida Spanish Work

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Beowulf

• http//www.humanities.mcmaster.ca/beowulf/main.ht
  ml

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• The Canterbury Tales
• byGeoffrey Chaucer (1342 - 1400)