Europe

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Europe
2
Northern Europe
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United Kingdom

• England
• Scotland
• Wales
• Northern Ireland

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The Republic of Ireland

• Emerald Isle
• Across The Irish Sea From Great Britain

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The Nordic Countries

• Norway
• Sweden
• Finland
• Denmark
• Iceland

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West Central Europe

• France
• Belgium
• Germany
• Netherlands
• Luxemburg
• Switzerland
• Liechtenstein
• Austria

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West Central Europe

• France
• Belgium
• Germany
• Netherlands
• Luxemburg
• Switzerland
• Liechtenstein
• Austria

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Southern Europe

• Portugal
• Spain
• Italy
• Greece

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Southern Europe

• Portugal
• Spain
• Italy
• Greece

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Eastern Europe

• Poland
• Czech Republic
• Slovakia
• Hungary
• Slovenia
• Croatia
• Romania
• Bosnia and
• Herzegovina
• Serbia and
• Montenegro
• Bulgaria
• Albania
• Macedonia

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Eastern Europe

• Poland
• Czech Republic
• Slovakia
• Hungary
• Sloyenia
• Croatia
• Romania
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Serbia and Montenegro
• Bulgaria
• Albania
• Macedonia

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Northern European Map Quiz 1
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• Daily Warm Up
• October 25/26, 2007
• Answer the 9 questions (?) at the bottom of page
  261

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Northern European Map Quiz 2
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Iceland
Finland
Norway
Gulf of Bothnia
Atlantic Ocean
Sweden
North Sea
Northern Ireland
Baltic Sea
Ireland
Denmark
United Kingdom
Irish Sea
English Channel
Caspian Sea
Black Sea
Mediterranean Sea
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Europes Four Major Landforms

• Northwest Highlands
• Northern European Plain
• Central Uplands
• Alpine Mountain System

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Northwest Highlands

• Ancient, Eroded Region of Rugged Hills and Low
  Mountains
• Includes Hills of Ireland and England, Scottish
  Highlands, Brittany in Northwest France, Most of
  the Iberian Peninsula, and the Kjolen Mountains
  in Norway and Sweden

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Northern European Plain

• Largest Landform in Europe
• Extends From Atlantic Ocean in France Into Russia
  and Borders the North Atlantic Ocean, the North
  Sea, and the Baltic Sea
• Most of Region is Less Than 500 Feet

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Central Uplands

• Ancient , Hilly Area of Europe
• Consist of the Massif Central of France and the
  Jura Mountains on the French-Swiss Border
• Includes the Black Forest and Bavarian Plateau of
  Germany, Bohemian Highlands, and the Ardennes
  Mountains

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Alpine System

• Includes Highest Mountain Range
• Includes the Carpathian Mountains in Eastern
  Europe
• Includes the Apennines In Italy
• Includes the Pyrenees

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Europes Three Major Climates

• Marine West Coast
• Humid Continental
• Mediterranean
• The Moderating Influence of the North Atlantic
  Helps Prevent Extreme Temperatures

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Marine West Coast Climate

• Northern and West Central Europe
• Warm Prevailing Westerly Winds Bring Rainy Storms
  (North Atlantic Drift)
• 20 to 80 Inches of Rain Per Year
• Scotland and Norway Receive Most Rain Due to
  Orographic Effect

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Humid Continental Climate

• East and Inland of Marine West Coast
• Stretches Across Sweden, Finland, Southward
  Across Most of Eastern Europe As Far As Bulgaria

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Mediterranean Climate

• Portugal Spain, Italy, Albania, Macedonia,
  Greece, and Parts of France Croatia, and Bulgaria
• Receives 10 to 30 Inches of Rain Per Year

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Section 1 Review Questions

• To which land form regions does France belong?
• All four
• Northwest Highlands
• Central Uplands
• Northern European Plains
• Alpine System

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• What are Europes three major climate types?
  Name one characteristic for each of these climate
  types.
• Marine West Coast
• Westerly winds bring mild temperatures and rain,
  20-80 inches of rain
• Humid Continental
• Four distinct seasons, including a cold, snowy
  winter and humid summer
• Mediterranean
• 10-30 inches of rain, mild winter, and a long
  sunny, dry summer

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• Determine which areas of Europe are likely to be
  agriculturally productive, based on landforms and
  climates. Explain your reasoning.
• Northern European plains and central uplands
  because they have the best soil.
• Any of the three climate regions because of the
  mild temperature ranges and adequate rain fall

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• Daily Warm Up
• October 29/30, 2007
• What is the European Union and what is its
  purpose?
• An economic association that was organized to
  break down trade barriers.
• Name the countries that began the EU.
• Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France,
  West Germany, and Italy.

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Northern European Map Quiz 3
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• Section 2

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Natural Resources

• Water Coastline Provides Ice-free Harbors and
  Navigable Rivers
• Mediterranean Sea Polluted, but Provides Some
  Fishing
• Black Sea, Connects to Mediterranean Sea by the
  Strait of Bosporus
• North Sea Trade, Fishing, and Oil
• Baltic Sea Ices Over

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Natural Resources

• Forests Cut in Past, Now Pollution has Killed
  Rest
• Only Finland and Sweden Still have Forest
• Clearing and Overgrazing have Destroyed the
  Mediterraneans Oak Forests
• Soil Is Good for Production, but Technology is
  Lacking

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Natural Resources

• Energy Relies Heavily on Imports
• Minerals UK, Germany, Benelux Countries, and
  the Czech Republic have Deposits of Iron and Coal
  and Sweden and France have Iron
• North Sea and the Netherlands Provide Some Oil
  and Natural Gas, but Europe Still Must Rely on
  Imports

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• Section 2
• Review Questions

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Name three seas and two rivers found in Europe.
Why are seas and rivers important to Europe?

• Black, Baltic, and Irish Seas
• Rhine and Danube rivers
• They provide access to trade routes,
  hydroelectricity, and other water resources

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What mineral and energy resources does Europe
have? Why must Europe import oil and gas?

• Iron, coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear power,
  hydroelectricity, ocean tidal power, and solar
  energy
• Because Europes own oil and gas deposits do not
  satisfy its industrial demands

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Compare and contrast deforestation in Europe with
the deforestation that is taking place in Middle
and South America.

• Deforestation occurred in both places due to
  cutting down trees for timber or clearing land
  for farming
• Most deforestation occurred in Europe centuries
  ago while in Middle and South America it has
  occurred in recent years
• In Europe many forest were destroyed due to
  pollution

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• Section 3

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Historical Geography

• The British, First to Establish Foreign Colonies
• What Is an Alliance?
• The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
  1949 Designed to Protect Western Germany From
  Soviet Union. 13 European Nations , Turkey,
  Canada, and the U.S.
• Warsaw Pact 1955 Soviet Union and Its Allies
• Berlin Wall came down and Germany was reunified
• Soviet Union Collapsed in 1991

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• Section 3
• Review Questions

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What countries dominated Europe from the 1600s
through the 1800s?

• France from the mid-1600s to 1815
• Great Britain for the rest of the 19th century

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Why was NATO formed? What events in recent years
are changing it?

• To protect countries of western Europe from
  possible invasion by the Soviet Union and its
  Eastern European allies
• The collapse of the Soviet Union,
• End of the Cold War,
• German reunification,
• And ethnic troubles in the former Yugoslavia and
  else where

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Agree or disagree with the following statement
The history of Europe is a history of wars and
conflict.

• Agree
• From 900 to 300 B.C. warring tribes ruled most of
  Europe
• Wars and conquest continued through during the
  Roman Empire and its decline
• Then Germanic groups formed new empires and
  fought bitterly
• Then France dominated until defeated by Great
  Britain in 1815
• Then two World Wars followed in the 20th century
• Then the Cold War lasted through much of the 20th
  century

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Chapter 23 Vocabulary Quiz

• Eurasia -
• Microstate -
• Natural boundary -
• Navigable -
• Icebreaker -
• Imperialism -
• Alliance -
• Balance of power -
• Reunification -
• Famine -
• Multilingual -
• Economic association -
• European Union (EU) -

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Chapter 23 Vocabulary Answers

• Eurasia
• Worlds largest land mass
• Includes the Asian European continents
• Microstate
• Very small countries
• Natural boundary
• When physical features make up a political
  boundary
• Navigable
• A river that is wide and deep enough for ships to
  use
• Icebreaker
• Ships that break up ice to keep sea lanes open
• Imperialism
• Gaining control over territory outside of a
  nation

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• Alliance -
• An agreement between countries to support each
  other against an enemy
• Balance of power
• Is when countries have equal amount of power
• Reunification
• Process of reuniting or rejoining into one unit
• Famine
• Extreme shortage of food
• Multilingual
• Able to speak 3 or more languages
• Economic association
• Organizations formed to break down trade barriers

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• European Union (EU)
• Most important economic association
• Formed in 1957 by

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• Section 4

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Human Geography

• Religion
• Roman Catholicism Southern Europe
• Protestant Northern and Central Europe
• Jewish Small Amount in Western Europe
• Muslims Southeastern Europe and in Many Major
  Cities

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Economy

• Economic Associations
• Break Down Trade Barriers
• European Community was formed in 1957 by Belgium,
  the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, West
  Germany, and Italy by the Treaty of Rome
• Most Important European Union
• European Union was formed in 1993 by the Treaty
  of Maastricht when the UK, Ireland, Denmark,
  Greece, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Finland, and
  Sweden joined the EU
• Today 27 European Countries are Members of the EU
• Euro Currency Will Provide Economic and
  Political Unification
• European Free Trade Association 4 Countries,
  Hold Trade Agreements with the EU Members was
  established on May 3, 1960

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• Member states (EUR Euro currency)
• Austria (since 1995) (EUR) Belgium (EUR)
• Bulgaria (since 2007) Cyprus (Greek part)
  (since 2004)
• Czech Republic (since 2004) Denmark
• Estonia (since 2004) Finland (since
  1995-01-01) (EUR)
• France (EUR) Germany (EUR)
• Greece (EUR) Hungary (since 2004-05-01)
• Ireland (EUR) Italy (EUR)
• Latvia (since 2004) Lithuania (since 2004)
• Luxembourg (EUR) Malta (since 2004)
• Netherlands (EUR) Poland (since 2004)
• Portugal (EUR) Romania (since 2007)
• Slovakia (since 2004) Slovenia (since 2004)
  (EUR)
• Spain (EUR) Sweden (since 1995)
• United Kingdom

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European Free Trade Association
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European Associations
The European Union (EU) was established in 1993
by 12 nations of the European Community. The EU
works toward better political and economic
integration and cooperation between member
nations. Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the
EU in 1995.
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European Challenges

• Unemployment, Traffic Congestion, and Crime
• Ethnic Tensions
• Illegal Immigration
• Limited Energy Resources
• Environmental Pollution
• Antinuclear Movements Greens
• Overcrowding

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• Section 4
• Review Questions

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Name five major language groups found in Europe.

• Germanic
• Romance (Latin or Italic)
• Greek
• Celtic
• Baltic
• Slavic
• Albanian
• Finno-Ugric

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What is the European Union?

• It is a cooperative economic association that was
  formed in 1957 initially as the European
  Community
• In 1993 it became the EU and had 15 member
  countries
• Its current membership is 27 countries

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Explain the causes of modern day violence in
Europe?

• Ethnic differences in Spain, the former
  Yugoslavia, and in Germany
• Economic and political factors also have led to
  violence

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• Chapter 23
• Chapter Review Questions

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• Building Vocabulary

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To what does the term Eurasia refer?

• The land mass on which Europe and Asia are located

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What is a micro state?

• A very small country

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What type of boundary do the Pyrenees Mountains
form?

• A natural boundary

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Define alliance. What are the members of an
alliance called?

• An agreement between countries to support one
  another against enemies
• Allies

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What happened to East and West Germany in 1990?

• They were unified

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Why might a famine cause a population decline?

• Many people might die as a result of an extreme
  shortage of food

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Recalling and Reviewing
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Which sea in Europe requires the use of
icebreakers? What countries border this sea, and
what climates do they have?

• The Baltic Sea
• Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic countries
• Humid continental, Subarctic, and Tundra

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What environment issues surround the use of
Europe's forest? Its rivers?

• Most original forest were cut down centuries ago,
  and in recent years pollution and acid rain have
  killed more trees
• Many of Europes rivers are polluted, and the
  rivers carry this pollution to the seas

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How did the loss of overseas colonies affect some
of Europes economies?

• Some European economies were hurt by the loss of
  the colonies because they had been sources of
  inexpensive raw materials

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Identify four European countries that are
multilingual.

• Luxembourg
• Switzerland
• The Netherlands
• Belgium

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Thinking Critically
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Would you say that Europe is a region of
increasing unity, or you think it is a region of
increasing disunity? Support your answer.

• Agree
• Reunification of Germany and European
  associations show unity
• Disagree
• Some countries are breaking up like
  Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia

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Some people believe that one must understand
Europes history in order to understand the rest
of the world. Do you agree? Why or why not?
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Chapter 23 Map Test
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