Donald P' Pate, Manager

1
RNAV ApproachesFAA Experiences and Future Plans

• Donald P. Pate, Manager
• Flight Procedure Standards Branch
• RNAV in Terminal Area Workshop
• Luxembourg, Luxembourg
• 4-6 November 2003

2
Vision Statement Navigation in the NAS will
Transition to a Performance-Based System

• Navigation based on Multi-Sensor RNAV Systems
• GPS, GPS/WAAS, GPS/LAAS
• Multi-Sensor FMS RNAV, RNP-RNAV
• Multi-Sensor Based Navigable Airspace Designated
  by Required Navigation Performance (RNP)
• Goal
• RNAV Wherever Possible
• RNP Where Additional Benefits Exist

3
Strategy

• Performance-Based RNAV Approaches
• LNAV Minima (ICAO NPA)
• LNAV/VNAV Minima (ICAO APV)
• LPV Minima (ICAO APV)
• RNP Approaches
• Public RNP-0.3 Minima (ICAO APV)
• SAAAR (ICAO APV)
• ILS and GLS Approaches (ICAO PA)

4
RNAV Benefits

• Improve NAS efficiency
• Point-to-point navigation
• Enhance en route flexibility
• Improve terminal navigation
• Increase utilization of currently equipped RNAV
  aircraft
• Current Air Carrier fleet
• Business Aircraft Significant RNAV Capability

5
Benefits (CONTINUED)

• Increase 3-D Approach Capability
• Provide stabilized final approach
• Address NPA CFIT accident rate
• 5 Times greater than precision approach
• Increase IFR Service to Helicopter Operations

6
Provide Alternative To Non-Precision Approach
Procedures

• Design NPAs with 3 final approach segments
• Publish vertical descent angle on existing
  procedures
• Publish new LNAV/VNAV procedures to DA
• Develop and publish WAAS and LAAS precision
  approach procedures

7
RNAV (GPS) Approaches

• Over 700 RNAV (GPS) procedures published
• LNAV/VNAV Minima
• Supports safety objective
• Producing 300-350 RNAV (GPS) procedures per year
• Plan to implement to all eligible IFR runway ends
• Investigating authorizing DME/DME(/inertial)
  RNP-0.3 aircraft to utilize procedures
• Parenthetical GPS indicates acceptable system,
  not required system
• Performance-based approach

8
DME/DME Implementation

• Coverage issues
• Baseline FMS definition
• Likely to require inertial integration
• Ensure do not use erroneous VOR signals
• Extended Service Volumes
• DME Coverage Modeling
• Q-Routes Similar Issues
• Facility issues
• Coaxial collocation of VOR DME
• Whenever possible, maintenance to remove signal
  under test

9
Transition to RNAV

• GPS Overlays (or GPS)
• Converted thousands of procedures in 1994
• Many already converted to GPS procedures
• Remaining will be converted to RNAV (GPS)
  during periodic review
• GPS Approaches (GPS)
• Simple design, eliminated need for
  computer-navigation fix
• Started production in 1994, ended when RNAV
  criteria become available
• Thousands of published approaches
• All will be converted to RNAV (GPS) approaches

10
WAAS / APVs

• WAAS-Wide Area Augmentation System, FAAs
  Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS)
• Commissioned 10 July 2003
• Access to all RNAV (GPS) approaches with
  LNAV/VNAV Minima
• First LPVs Published 4 September 2003
• Plan to be folded into RNAV(GPS) production
• Significant Safety Gain at Airports Currently
  Served by Nonprecision Approaches Only

11
Performance Comparison
LNAV/VNAV (556 m by 50 m)
LPV (40 m by 50 m)
GLS (40 m by 12 m)
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Required Navigation Performance (RNP)

• RNP-Required Navigation Performance
• Terminal Procedures for RNP Instrument Approach
  Criteria (FAA Order 8260.51)
• Published in December 2002
• Revision Being Developed in Coordination with the
  Aviation Industry (FAA Order 8260.51A)
• TAOARC
• Will Include SAAAR
• Mature Criteria and Initial Specials Approval-
  2004

13
RNP Approaches

• Proposed Path to Implementation
• Public procedures not requiring special
  authorization
• Public procedures requiring special authorization
• Similar to ILS Cat II/III (Special aircrew
  qualifications)
• Special procedures
• TERPS development (criteria) to support these
  levels.

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RNP TERPS

• Standard is RNP 1 for Initial, Final and MAP
• RNP-0.3 is Standard on Final approach obstacle
  clearance
• Smaller RNP Available under SAAAR
• Assessment will be based on linear areas
• Public (non-SAAAR) 2x Primary plus transition
  surface
• Transition surface provides operational
  mitigation for extraction after alerting at 2xRNP
  to meet target level of safety
• SAAAR 2xRNP Primary area
• Applicant responsible to demonstrate aircraft
  stays within area after alerting and to meet
  target level of safety

15
RNP vs Standard TERPS Primary Areas
(SAAAR RNP-0.3)
Blue Line - Standard Area Red Line - RNP Area
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Example of RNP SurfacesUnder SAAAR
17
Proposed RF Turn Obstacle Clearance Under SAAAR
18
Tools in the Tool Box

• ILS or LPV
• Angular TERPS
• Demonstrated manual control using raw CDI/VDI
• Very tight performance (at runway threshold)
• Ideal for
• Manual flight
• Controlling obstacle close to runway end

• RNP
• Linear TERPS
• Large RNP demonstrated for manual control using
  raw data
• Small RNP demonstrated using autopilot
• Ideal for
• Autopilot/flight director
• Controlling obstacle close to centerline not
  near runway end
• Resolving airspace issues