The Hawaiian Monarchy

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The Hawaiian Monarchy

• The Last Hawaiian Queen, Lydia Paki Kamekeha
  Liliuokalani was on the throne during the
  United States Treaty for annexation.
• She took the throne in 1891 upon the death of her
  brother, King David Kalakaua.
• The Monarchy was already constitutional at that
  point, having a cabinet to the king consisting
  primarily of Americans.
• The Queen attempted to restore power to the
  monarchy that had been lost because of the strong
  and abundant American-run Sugar-Cane industry.

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Queen Lydia Liliuokalani
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American Control Tightens

• As American economic interests grow, the
  annexation enhances competitive edge for Hawaiian
  sugar.
• In 1893, the Queen attempts to create her own
  constitution which her sovereignty should allow.
• The Annexationists, (also called the Committee
  of Safety), led by Sanford B. Dole, in
  opposition try to overthrow the Queen.
• In 1894, The American minister in Hawaii, John L.
  Stevens, calls for American troops to take
  control of Government buildings and Iolani
  Palace.
• The queen is deposed.

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Annexation In View

• 1896- President McKinley is elected
• Treaty of Annexation is sent to Congress in 1897,
  upon consent of McKinley Official Treaty of
  Annexation
• Liliuokalani petitions Senate with 29,000
  signatures in order to question the annexation
  with a public vote. (denied)
• Liliuokalani sends Official Protest to Congress a
  day after Treaty is sent. Official Protest
• Joint Resolution in July of 1897 progresses the
  process of annexation. Official Joint Resolution

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Annexation Made Official

• End of Spanish American War gives U.S. Cuba,
  Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines. Hawaii a
  must in the Pacific.
• Ratified by the State Legislature of Hawaii (all
  white), while the US Senate did not acquire the
  needed two thirds majority.
• August 12, 1898, Hawaii is annexed, despite the
  shortage of votes in Congress, with McKinleys
  signature.

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The Republic of Hawaii

• 1900- McKinley signs Organic Act stating
• Hawaiians may not vote for President of the US,
  but can elect a representative of Hawaiis
  interests, but who cannot vote.
• Legislature of Hawaii can elect 15 senators and
  30 representatives
• BUT, the President of the US appoints governor,
  secretary, and Judges of courts (Territorial
  Supreme, Circuit, and General District)
• Congress can amend or cancel any laws made by the
  legislature, abolish any territorial government,
  and put in its place its own military officials.

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Since Hawaiis Statehood

• 1959- Hawaii becomes an official state of the
  Union
• Japanese and Chinese immigrants are discriminated
  against in Hawaii.(Fewer job opportunities and
  educational opportunities)
• 1996-Failed attempt to become a sovereign nation
  by descendants of native Hawaiians.
• The fight towards Independence still lingers
  among natives and others who reside in Hawaii.

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Bibliography

• Durham, Kathy. About.com guide to Honolulu,
  Hawaii. http//honolulu.about.com/library/issues/
  blannex.htm. Complete overview of many
  imperialistic atrocities committed by the United
  States.
• Pennybacker, Mindy. Should The Aloha State Say
  Goodbye? The Nation New York August 12, 1996.
  
• Smith, Bradford. The Islands of Hawaii. J.B.
  Lippincott Co Philadelphia. 1957
• University of Illinois at Chicago. (1999). Queen
  Lydia Liliuokalani. World Wide Web.
  http//www.uic.edu/depts/owa/history/liliuokalani.
  html. Detailed description of the Queen's life
  and the annexation.