East Asia Review

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East Asia Review

• China, Japan the Mongol Empire

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China (5,000 BCE - Present Day)

• First, the Dynasty Song
• Shang Zhou, Qin, Han (x2)
• Sui, Tang, Song (x2)
• Yuan, Ming, Qing, The Republic (x2)
• Mao Zedong (x2)
• Location - East/Central Asia, Proximity India,
  Russia, Mongolia, Korea, Japan Southeast Asian
  nations

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5,000 BCE - 3,000 BCE

• Neolithic Era
• Xia Dynasty
• Yellow River Valley
• Beginnings of Agriculture

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1766 to 1122 BCE

• SHANG Dynasty
• Bronze, horses, wheeled vehicles from Mid
  East/India
  
• Oracle Bones
• Monarchy
• Cities - Ao Yin
• Patriarchy dependence on farming

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1122 to 256 BCE

• ZHOU Dynasty
• Mandate of Heaven
• Decentralized Govt
• Tech Iron
• Confucius Analects (Mencius Xunzi) I-Ching
• Daoism
• Decline overextension, nomads, Period of
  Warring States
  
• Cont - patriarchy, farming

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221 to 210 BCE

• QIN Dynasty - Qin Shihuangdi - first o unify
  China
  
• Legalism - devotion to state
• Extreme censorship (Confucius banned)
• Centralized - currency, roads, laws etc..
• Emperors Tomb as symbol of wealth/power

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206 BCE to 220 CE

• HAN Dynasty - Liu Bang Han Wudi
• Confucianism restored
• Centralized Imperial Expansion
• Trade (paper silk) Silk Roads
• http//library.thinkquest.org/13406/sr/
• Population growth
• Trade brings Buddhism (salvation) Plague
• Chinafication of region
• Decline corruption, plague, Yellow Turban
  Rebellion, warlords
  

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Consider a slide on the Silk Road

• Developmental Stages
• What Diffused
• Impact

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589 to 618 CE

• SUI Dynasty
• Restablishes dynastic control after chaos
• Builds Grand Canal
• Decline due to rebellion

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618 to 907 CE

• TANG Dynasty - Tang Taizong
• Est. Bureaucracy of Merit
• Imperial Expansion
• Decline - poor leadership rebellion
• Foot binding, gunpowder printing

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960 to 1279 CE

• SONG Dynasty - Song Taizu
• Centralized - Bureaucracy becomes too big
  weakens military
  
• Population growth continuing since Han
• Chan Buddhism (Buddhism Dao)
• Hostility toward Buddhism grows
• Neo-Confucianism (Budd. Conf)

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1279 - 1368

• YUAN Dynasty - Kublai Khan, Mongols rule empire
  from China, reject Chinese traditions
  
• Continued Expansion
• Zheng He - Exploration/Diplomacy
• Decline plague, financial troubles, infighting,
  - Mongols leave
  

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Mongols -1206-1368 CE

• 1206-1368 CE - Chinggis Khan, superior military
  (horses, archers, catapults, tactical terror)
  
• Golden Horde in Russia - didnt occupy, took
  tribute
  
• Ilkhanate in Persia - siege of Baghdad, let
  Persians rule in exchange for taxes
  
• Kublai Khan Yuan Dynasty in China - brought in
  Mongol rulers
  
• POSITIVES - Trade flourished - Silk Road,
  religious tolerance
  
• NEGATIVES - War, bad leaders (eventually), hit by
  plague
  

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1368 to 1644

• MING Dynasty - Hongwu (peasant-king), then
  Yongle, then later rulers isolated
  
• Centralized, Confucian education civil service
  exams, eunuchs(no political rivalries)
  
• Return to Chinese culture
• Moved capital to Beijing
• Great Wall
• Decline - famine, revolts, Mancu invasions

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1644 to 1911

• QING Dynasty - last dynasty, est. by northern
  Manchus
  
• Emperor - Son of Heaven
• Confucian focus, civil service exams, scholar
  bureaucrats
  
• Patriarchy cont. since Shang
• Decline - Opium War, Taiping Reb., Boxer Reb.,
  Spheres of Influence, Resentment due to losses,
  call for nationalism/democracy

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1911 to 1949

• THE REPUBLIC - Sun Yatsen, Jiang Jieshi,
  Guomingdang Govt
  
• Built on nationalism
• Civil war against communists (Mao)
• War against Japan foreign nations
• Cont - problems of revolt, famine,

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1949 to Present

• PEOPLEs REPUBLIC OF CHINA - MAO ZEDONG
• Survive Long March, attempt to reform economy
• Support from poor farmers
• Destroyed traditions (patriarchy, footbinding,
  Buddhism)
  
• Population increase, trade, economic power

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China - Themes Issues

• Political - Decentralized vs. Centralized,
  Diplomacy, Rebellion, Efficient ruler followed by
  ineff.
  
• Economic - farming, trade, massive govt
  products
  
• Religious -Ancestors to Buddhism to new forms of
  Buddhism
  
• Social - Patriarchy, isolation vs. adaptation,
  famine disease
  
• Intellectual - Confucianism, civil svc,
  education, technology

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Japan

• 500 CE - several dozen small states, influenced
  by China
  
• 710 CE - NARA Period - modeled after Tang
  Dynasty, adopt Confucianism Buddhism, develop
  Shintoism
  
• 794-1185 CE - HEIAN Period -emperor as figurehead
  (longlasting), still many Chinese traditions
  
• 1185-1573 CE - KAMAKURA MUROMACHI Period -
  decentralized rule, Samurai, Daimyo, Shoguns -
  negative view of merchants
  
• 1600-1867 CE - TOKUGAWA Shogunate - cont. from
  previous system, isolation policy, population
  control, rivalry with China
  

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Japan Cont

• 1870-1945 - Imperialism in Asia Pacific,
  ultranationalism, defeats China Korea,
  atrocities, gains more power after WWI, rivalry
  w/ US over resources, joins Axis powers,
  Hiroshima bombed surrenders
• 1945-Present - Est. democracy under US influence,
  occupied by US, shifts from military to economic
  (tech), overpopulated