Israel Internal Splits

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Israel Internal Splits
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Israel as a divided Society

• National gulf Jews versus Arabs
• Political gulf Right-wing (Settlers) versus
  Left-wing (Peace Now)
• Economic gulf Rich and Poor
• Religious gulf Orthodox versus Secular
• Ethnic gulf Sephardi /Mizrahi Jews versus
  Ashkenzi Jews

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Between Church and State

• Zionism was a secular movement using religious
  identity to define a nation.
• Ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) Jews rejected Zionism,
  But most of them accepted the State of Israel.
• Almost all governments had religious members
• State institutions keep the main religious laws
  serving Kosher food and observing the Shabbat
• Laws of matrimony are under religious law
• Who is a Jew? A debate related to the law of
  return

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Ultra-Orthodox, Religious, traditional and
secular in Israel (self delimitation 2004)
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Immigration to Israel by Origin 1919-2005
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World Jewry by 1948
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Immigration to Israel 1948-1952
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Immigrants to Israel as a percentage of Jewish
Population
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Does the question of Origin still matter?

• The gap between Second generation Israelis of
  different origins

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Average years of schooling
Ashkenazi Origin
Sephardic Origin
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Percentage of academic degree holders
Ashkenazi Origin
Sephardic Origin
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Average Annual income
Ashkenazi Origin
Sephardic Origin
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Main attitudes to the Ethnic problem

• The solidarity approach
• Integrationist and egalitarian attitude
• Disparities were the result of external
  conditions

• The patronizing approach
• Aloof and condescending attitude
• Inequality developed in Israel

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Segregationist and Integrationist factors

• Modernity
• Ideology of integration
• primordial kinship
• Social mobility
• Economic growth
• common enemy
• Cross-cutting differences

• Colonial order
• Actual differences
• overlapping differences (origin, class,
  Political opinion, and religiosity)

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Overlapping differences
Sephardic
Ashkenazi
Secular
Traditional
Left-wing
Right-wing
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Crossing differences
Ashkenazi
Traditional
Sephardic
Secular
Right-wing
Left-wing