Absolute Monarchy in Europe

1
Absolute Monarchy in Europe

• World Studies
• Chapter 21

2
Absolutism

• Absolute Monarchs
• Kings or queens who believed that they held all
  power
• Divine right
• God created the Monarchy
• Monarchs were Gods representative on earth.

3
Philip II

• Defended Catholicism
• Ottoman Muslims
• English Protestants
• Inherited Spanish Empire from father, Charles V
• Inherited Portugal from uncle

4
Philip II

• By the time it was all said and done, Philip had
  the following territories outside of Europe
• Spanish claims in North America
• Portuguese claims in South America
• Portuguese claims in Africa

5
Spanish Problems

• Inflation from rise in population
• Taxes
• Trade Deficit
• Don Quixote
• By Cervantes
• Portrayed corrupt, materialistic life in Spain

6
Dutch Revolt

• Spanish owed Netherlands
• Dutch were Calvinists
• William of Orange (Dutch Leader)
• Drove Spanish out with water
• Northern Netherlands became independent.
• Dutch establish trading empire

7
Rembrandt

• The Syndics

8
Jan Vermeer

• Woman Weighing Pearls (1662-64)

9
French Monarchs The Bourbon Dynasty
10
Henry IV

• 1st King of the Bourbon Dynasty
• Converted to Catholicism
• Paris is well worth a Mass
• Edict of Nantes
• Declared that Protestants could live in peace
• Set up places of worship

11
Cardinal Richelieu

• Aide for Louis XIII
• In reality, ruled France
• Steps to improve the monarchy
• Moved against Huguenots
• Weakened nobles power
• Tried to make France the strongest country in
  Europe

12
Skepticism

• Nothing is ever known for certain
• Michel de Montaigne
• Developed the essay
• All that is certain is that nothing is certain.
• René Descartes
• Used observations to answer questions

13
Louis XIV

• Boy King-became king at age 5
• Cardinal Mazarin
• Louis takes control at age 23.
• Increased the power of intendants or govt agents.

14
Louis XIV

• Jean Baptiste Colbert
• Mercantilism-countries export more than they
  import to protect their economies.
• What is a tariff?

Tax on imports
15
Louis XIV

• Canceled the Edict of Nantes
• Controlled nobles by having them work for him.
• Versailles-kings palace

16
Louis XIV

• Invasions
• Spanish Netherlands (1667)
• Dutch Netherlands (1672)
• Gained Several towns
• Drained French treasury

17
Louis XIV

• War of Spanish Succession (1700-13)
• Conflict over who took over for Charles II of
  Spain
• Treaty of Utrecht
• Louis grandson crowned King of Spain
• France could not unite with Spain

18
Thirty Years War

• Fought between Hapsburg countries (Spain,
  Austria, Germany) and Protestant countries
  France
• Causes
• Spread of Calvinism
• Closing of Protestant churches by Ferdinand II
• Conflict of power among Europes leaders

19
Thirty Years War

• Peace of Westphalia
• Weakened Spain and Austria
• France gained German territory
• German princes were independent of Holy Roman
  Empire
• Ended religious wars in Europe
• New methods of negotiation

20
Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)

• Inherited throne in 1533 (Age 3)
• Boyars
• Landowning nobles
• Tried to control Ivan as a boy
• First Czar of Russia (Age 16)
• Good period (1547-1560)-seized lands for Russia,
  including Siberia

21
Ivan the Terrible

• Bad Period
• After Anastasias (Ivans wife) death, he would
  kill anybody considered a traitor.
• Killed son who he trained to inherit throne
• Time of Troubles
• Period after Ivans death
• Ivans other son was unable to rule.

22
Peter the Great

• Ruled 1696-1725
• Goal was to Westernize Russia
• Introduced Potatoes
• Started first Russian newspaper
• Increased womens status by attending social
  gatherings
• Forced nobles to dress in Western clothing

23
Opening Activity

• Name the five rights guaranteed by the First
  Amendment of the United States Constitution.

24
English Monarchs vs. Parliament

• Charles I
• Struggle over use of money
• Petition of Right
• No imprisonment w/o due cause
• No taxes w/o Parliaments consent
• No quartering in private homes
• No martial law in times of peace

25
English Civil War (1642-49)

• Parliament was fed up with Charles need for
  money
• Royalists-followers of the King
• Puritans-supporters of Parliament
• Led by Oliver Cromwell
• Puritans captured Charles executed him

26
The Restoration

• Charles II
• Asked to rule the country
• Restored the monarchy
• Restored theater, sports, dancing
• Habeas corpus-right to a trial

27
Glorious Revolution

• Overthrow of James II by William and Mary
• Constitutional Monarchy-rulers power is limited
  by law

28
English Bill of Rights

• No suspending of Parliaments laws
• No taxation w/o Parliaments consent
• Freedom of speech
• Freedom of petition
• Cabinet-link between Parliament and the Monarch.