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SUB-REGIONAL COOPERATION ON AIR TRANSPORT AMONG
CAMBODIA, LAO PDR, MYANMAR AND VIET NAM
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Participating Countries  The Kingdom of
Cambodia - area 181,035 km2, population 10.7
million Lao PDR - area 236,800 km2,
population 4.58 million) The Union of Myanmar
- area 676,552 km2, population 45.97 million)
and The Socialist Republic of Viet Nam - area
329,707 km2, population 80 million).  All the
four countries are members of the United Nations,
ICAO, and ASEAN
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Major cities and important tourist spots in the
Sub-region  Phnom Penh, Sihanoukville, Kep,
Kompong Cham, Battambang, Siem Reap (Cambodia)
 Vientiane, Luang Phabang, Savanakhet, Pakse
(Lao PDR)  Yangon, Mandalay, Mawlamyaing, Heho
(Myanmar) and Ha Noi, Ho Chi Minh City, Da
Nang, Hue, Hai Phong, Da Lat, Dien Bien Phu (Viet
Nam)
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The Establishment of the CLMV Sub-regional Air
Transport Cooperation  Date 13-14 January
1998 Place Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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Operation of the CLMV Sub-regional Cooperation
  - Operational rights no limitations as
to capacity and frequency no limitation as
to the number of designated airlines the
study of broadening the criteria of airline
ownership and control - Route Rights no
limitations as to route structures
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- Traffic Rights no limitation as to the
3rd, 4th and 5th freedom traffic rights -
Tariffs dual disapproval principle - Non-schedu
led air services no limitations - Doing
Business no limitations.  
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- no limitations as to computer reservation
system- no limitations as to doing business
matters- application of dual disapproval
principle of tariffs- the study of broadening
the criteria of airline ownership and control.
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-         to harmonize rules and procedures and
to facilitate air transportation of passengers,
mail and cargo -         to develop various
forms of cooperation and assistance with respect
to airports, airlines and air navigation, i.e. to
establish brotherhood cooperation among
airports-         to implement programs and
projects to ensure aviation security and safety
in the Sub-region in accordance with ICAOs
standards and recommended practices. -        
to provide assistance with regard to technology,
finance, training
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-         to exchange and help develop
policies, legal documents to cooperate between
and among airlines in scheduling coordination,
tariff coordination, code-sharing arrangements
and joint ventures, etc.
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 Development of a Multilateral Agreement on Air
Transport of the Sub-region - to liberalize air
transport and - to foster comprehensive
cooperation among the civil aviation of the four
countries. The Agreement is expected to be
adopted at the Sixth DGCA Meeting which is to be
held in May 2003. Unification of policies and
viewpoints of the four countries at other
multilateral fora on the basis of ensuring the
interests of all four countries. 
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 Expansion of the sub-regional route
networks  - to foster the traffic to/from and
within the Sub-region - to enhance investment,
trade and exchange of culture - to create
favourable conditions for the forming of a
common tourist market (with direct air links to
capital cities, ancient capital cities and other
important tourist spots).
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Principles governing the operation of the
Sub-region Four key principles Cooperation,
Mutual Assistance, Consensus, and Firm on common
viewpoints  Official activities - Director
General of Civil Aviation Meeting - Air
Transport Executives Meeting - CLMV Airlines,
Tourism and Hotels Meeting
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 Rules and procedures for adopting a decision,
resolution - consensus or - majority votes
and a participating country will not be required
to implement any decision or resolution if it
votes against or abstains such a decision or
resolution.
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Form of coordinating - The coordinating
country is the host country of the DGCA Meeting
on rotation basis Dispute Settlement
Mechanism - amicable negotiations - ad hoc
DGCA Meeting with a resolution adopted by
majority votes. The Sub-regional Cooperation is
an arrangement open to all other countries.  
Admission of new members to The CLMV Sub-
region after 2006.
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Importance, Purposes of the CLMV Sub-regional
Cooperation - The CLMV Sub-regional Air
Transport Cooperation - an integral part of
ASEAN cooperation - Recognition of the four
governments of the role of air transport in
their national economic development and the
indispensability of international air transport
liberalization - Policies of the four
countries to actively take part in the
international air transport liberalization in a
gradual and consistent manner
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- to create a common international air transport
market to help foster the development in other
fields such as trade, investment and
international tourism of the four countries.- to
create conditions for airlines of the four
countries to gradually build up their
competitiveness to ensure practical interest of
all participating countries in the cooperation.
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Conclusion   Set clear orientation on air
transport liberalization by participating
countries, which will be an integral part of
overall national market access opening, and it
will serve to develop trade, tourism and
investment and in turn air transport will be
developed based on general development of
national economy. Road map for air transport
liberalization must be properly developed
airlines involved should take an active part in
the implementation of such a road map.
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 Preferential measures accorded to less
developed countries by more developed countries
are required at governmental and airline levels
to balance interests of all airlines exploiting
the market which include but not limited to
differences of the governmental exchange of
route, operational and traffic rights
codesharing, providing seats free of charge and
other forms of cooperation between airlines.
Beneficiaries of air transport liberalization
should have relevant cooperation and coordination
so as to ensure synchronous development of all
industries concerned.