New IPWG member: Indonesia

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New IPWG member Indonesia
Center for Remote Sensing Contact Person Dr.
Ketut Wikantika (Director-CRS)
Source http//hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g8070.ct000982
Archipelago 17,508 islands (6,000
inhabited) Population 234,693,997 (2007
est.) Terrain part of the Pacific Ring of Fire-
mountainous
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Darmawan S.1, Hirano A.2,Uchida S.2, Hadi F.1,
Wikantika K.1
Estimation and evaluation of soil erosion using
multitemporal spatial data Case Study West
Java Indonesia
1)Center for Remote Sensing, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, CRS-ITB Indonesia 2)Japan International
Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS),
Tsukuba Japan
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Backgrounds

• Soil functions
• - Regulating and partitioning water and solute
  flow
• - Filtering, buffering, degrading,
  immobilizing, and detoxifying
• - Sustaining plant and animal life below and
  above the surface
• - Storing and cycling nutrients
• Soil erosion effects
• Soil degradation, pollution, agricultural
  production and regional income
• Soil erosion models
• USLE, RUSLE-1, RUSLE-2, MOSES, EUROSEM
• Image processing and GIS tools
• Commercial open source (GRASS)

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Study Area
West Java Province 3.709.528 ha, 37 million
people (most populated in Indonesia) and 30
people in agriculture
Study Area
104048-108048 Le
5050-7050 Ls
Java sea
Jakarta
Banten
Paddy field
Bandung
Environmental disaster
Tea plantation
Central java
Hindia Ocean
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USLE
Mathematic model

• A R x K x Ls x C x P
• A is the computed soil loss per unit area
• R the rainfall and runoff factor.
• K the soil erodibility factor.
• Ls the slope length-gradient factor.
• C the crop/vegetation and management factor.
• P the support practice factor.

Soil erosion tolerance rate
(Robert P., 2000)
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Method
GIS and Image Processing
USLE Model
Land Use
Soil
Soil erosion CxPxKxRxLs
Rainfall
Soil erosion map in 1994, 1997, 2001, 2005
Slope
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DEM and Slope
Elevation in meter
Elevation in total area
Java sea
0 - 500 64 500 - 1500 33
1500 - 3000 3
Jakarta
Java sea
Hindia ocean
Slope in
In this case slope length 30 m
Hindia ocean
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Rainfall
1994
1997
2001
2005
Java sea
Average Rainfall mm/year
1994
1997
2001
2005
Hindia ocean
Rainfall mm/year
Extreme
Average rainfall
1994
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Soil erosion in 1994,1997,2001,2005 based on
river basin
Ton/900m2/year
Higher soil erosion in 2001
Cisadane
Cimandiri
Citarum
Cisanggarung
Cimandur
Ciujung
Cibareno
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Conclusion

• Soil erosion was very high in Cibareno River
  basin because changes from forest to agricultural
  area and agricultural area to palawija fields
• Higher soil erosion in 2001 because of rainfall
  extreme
• In Majalengka and Kuningan, low rainfall will
  cause high soil erosion because of steep slope

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More important issue
Clean and drinking water
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Dirty water kills
Source http//www.unwater.org/worldwaterday/flash
index.html
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Sources of clean and drinking water

• Poor water resources management poor land
  storage
• More dependent on rain

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Clean and Drinking water availability GIS
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Indonesias involvement the IPWG

• Good rain estimate is important for Indonesia
• Use of satellite estimates
• Challenges in remote sensing estimates
• Land v. Water (17,508 islands)
• Terrain (mountainous)
• Land use (for instance, paddy field)
• CRS-ITB can contribute on validation with around
  4,000 rain gauges (manual)

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Thank you