Life Processes and Living things

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Life Processes and Living things

• AQA GCSE Science Double Award SPECIFICATION B
  Co-ordinated

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About Your Course

• This is the first lesson of your Year 10 GCSE
  Biology Course. Science is worth two GCSEs from
  AA-DD at Higher level and from CC-GG at
  Foundation Level. We will discuss your tier of
  entry after the Y11 Mock exam.
• Biology contributes 26 2/3 towards your final
  GCSE grade
• 20 of your final grade is an Coursework
  Investigatiom

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Modules you will study Y10

• 10.1 Cell Activity
• 10.2 Transport across Boundaries
• 10.3 Cell Division (Year 11)
• 10.4 Nutrition
• 10.5 Circulation
• 10.6 Breathing
• 10.7 Respiration
• 10.8 Nervous system
• 10.9 Homeostasis
• 10.11 Disease
• 10.13 Drugs
• 10.14 Plant Nutrition
• 10.15 Transport and Water Relations

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Modules you will study Y11

• 10.16 Variation
• 10.17 Genetics and DNA
• 10.18 Controlling Inheritance
• 10.19 Evolution
• 10.20 Adoption and Competition
• 10.21 Human impact on the environment
• 10.22 Energy and Nutrient transfer
• 10.23 Nutrient Cycles

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Lesson objectives

• To recap the 7 Life Processes
• To be able to start 10.1 Plant and Animal Cells
• To understand the differences between plant and
  animals in terms of structure
• To recall the functions of the different parts
  of plants and animal cells
• To be able to show this in a visual form.
• HT To understand the term Mitochondria

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Life Processes

• These can be remembered using the Mnemonic MRS
  NERG or MES GREN
• Movement- the ability to move from one place to
  another
• Respiration a chemical process that takes place
  in every living cell
• Sensitivity the ability to respond to your
  environment
• Nutrition turning food into energy
• Excretion getting rid of waste products
• Reproduction producing offspring
• Growth- becoming larger in size

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Features of Cells

• There are 3 main parts that are common to both
  plants and Animal Cells. Organise these into the
  headings Plant and Animal Cells and plant cells
  only.

Plant Cells Plant and Animal Cells
Has a Cell Wall
Has a Nucleus
Has a Cell Membrane
Has a Cytoplasm
Has a Vacule
Has Cholloroplasts
RE-ARRANGE SO THEY ARE IN THE CORRECT COLOMNS
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What are the functions of the Cell?

• Cell Wall is made of cellulose it strengthens
  and supports the cell
• Chloroplasts, which contain Chlorophyll, absorb
  light energy to make food through Photosynthesis.
• A Vacuole is filled with cell sap a sugar and
  water solution and it provides rigid support.

this is for PLANTS ONLY
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What are the functions of the cell?

• Cell Membrane controls what goes in and out of
  the cell
• Cytoplasm is where all the reactions take place
• A Nucleus is like the brain of the cell and
  controls the activity of the cell.

THIS APPLIES TO BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS
This applies to BOTH types of Cell
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What do they look like?
PLANT
ANIAMAL
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Additional Material for HT
HIGHER TIER Chemical Reactions are controlled by
enzymes. The cytoplasm contains special
structures called Mitochondria, which is where
most of the energy is released during
respiration.
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Homework

• This question is taken from a past GCSE paper.
• Give the function of these parts of a plant cell.
• Chloroplast
• Cell wall
• Vacuole

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Cells, Tissues and Organs

• A group of similar cells is called a
• A group of afferent tissues form a
• A group of organs working together form a
• Or a whole organism

Key Words Tissues Organ Organ System Organism
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Palisade Cells

• Palisade Cells are designed for Photosynthesis
• Tall shape means a lot of surface area exposed
  down the side for absorbing C02
• Good chance of light hitting the chloroplast
  before it reaches the bottom of the cell.

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Specialist Cells

• Specialist Cells have a particular functions that
  help them to carry out their job efficiently.
• You might be asked how a particular type of cell
  is adapted to the job it does. You will
  therefore need to make notes on the following
  pieces of information.

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Sperm Cell

• 1) The sperm cell - designed to fertilise eggsA
  sperm cell is very small and has a little tail
  which provides movement so it can swim and find
  an egg to fertiliseIts head contains enzymes (in
  the vacuole) which allow it to digest its way
  through an egg membrane so the two nuclei can
  joinIt contains half the number of chromosomes
  in the nucleus - these carry genetic information
  from the father, which will be passed on to the
  offspring

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Cilia Cell

• 4) The cilia cell - designed to stop lung
  damageCilia cells line all the air passages in
  your lungsThey have tiny hairs, which filter the
  air as it blows throughThe hairs sweep mucus
  (snot) with trapped dust and bacteria up to the
  back of the throat where it is swallowed

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Egg Cell

• 2) The ovum (egg) cell - designed to be
  fertilisedAn ovum is large and bulky because no
  active movement is needed - it just sits and
  waits for the sperm to find itIt contains yolk
  (in the cytoplasm) which provides a large food
  store needed for the developing young organism
  once it's fertilisedIt contains half the number
  of chromosomes, which carry genetic information
  from the mother - this will be passed on to the
  offspring

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The root hair Cell

• 5) The root hair cell - designed for
  absorbingThe long hair cell increases the
  surface area of the root, which helps absorption
  of water and mineralsIt has a really thin cell
  wall, which makes it easier for minerals to pass
  across into the root itself

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Red Blood Cells

• Doughnut shape to allow maximum O2 absorbed by
  the haemoglobin they contain. The function is
  similar the the Palisade Cells . They are
  doughnut shaped rather than tall to allow smooth
  passage through the capillaries
• They are so packed with Haemoglobin that they
  have no room for a Nucleus

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White Blood Cells

• Are specialised because they help protect us
  against disease. They do this in two ways
• By engulfing the bacteria
• By producing Antibodies, which recognise a
  particular type of illness the first time you
  have it, so when it appears again, you will not
  become ill.
• This does not, however, work with viruses.

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Homework

• Explain how the Red Blood Cell or a cell of your
  choice is adapted to the job it carries out. In
  order to gain full marks, you should express your
  ideas using the correct scientific works and use
  good English
• (3 marks))

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