Assessment of the Social and Economic Impacts of Gambling

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Assessment of the Social and Economic Impacts of
Gambling

• Sally Casswell
• En Li Lin
• Ru Quan You
• Brian Easton

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• This research was funded by the Ministry of
  Health
• Principal Investigators
• Professor Sally Casswell
• En-Yi (Judy) Lin
• Ru Quan (Ryan) You
• Brian Easton
• Professor Jurgen Rehm
• Lorna Dyall (Ngati Maniapoto), Lanuola Asiasiga
  and En-Yi Lin served as cultural advisors to the
  project

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Social and economic impacts

• Systematic analysis
• Reliant on available data

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General population survey

• Representative sample and allowing for
  disaggregation by age groups, gender and by
  ethnic groups (Maori Pacific Chinese and
  Korean and European).
• Gambling participation measured independently of
  response to gambling
• Gambling participation disaggregated by mode and
  venue
• Negative and positive impacts measured
• Coverage of quality of life in number of selected
  domains
• Own and Associates impacts measured
• Cross-sectional with complementary measures of
  impacts included
• Replicable methodology

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Methodology

• CATI survey of stratified sample of NZ residents
  and over samples of ethnic minorities
• Data collected May November 2007
• 15 80 years
• Instrument based on extensive qualitative
  research and piloting. Translated into Chinese
  and Korean.
• Overall response rate 63

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Participation in gambling

• 62 participation in some form of gambling in
  past 12 months (raffles/casino evenings not
  listed)
• 54 bought lottery products in past 12 months
• 6 race track 8 TAB
• 8 pokies in casino 8 pokies in bars 4 pokies
  in clubs
• 4Poker/cards in homes
• Less than 1 internet, texting

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Categorisation of gambling by time and money

• Loss to income ratio (lost more than 5 of
  income) 8
• Time spent gambling (more than 3 hours per week)
  5
• Higher participation ( more than 3 hours per
  week, loss to income ratio more than 5) 3.2

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Figure 4 Percentage of general population
(weighted) at each gambling level
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Impacts of gambling loss/income ratio

• physical health negative
• mental well being negative
• relationships with family and friends negative
• feelings about self negative
• overall quality of life negative
• overall satisfaction with life negative
• financial situation no impact
• housing situation no impact
• material standard of living negative
• work performance no impact
• study/work training performance negative
• care giving of children no impact
• care giving of elderly no impact

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Longer time on race track

• physical health positive
• mental well being no impact
• relationships with family and friends no impact
• feelings about self positive
• overall quality of life no impact
• overall satisfaction with life positive
• financial situation positive
• housing situation positive
• material standard of living positive
• work performance no impact
• study/work training performance no impact
• care giving of children no impact
• care giving elderly no impact

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Longer time on casino tables

• physical health negative
• mental well being negative
• relationships with family and friends no impact
• feelings about self no impact
• overall quality of life negative
• overall satisfaction with life no impact
• financial situation no impact
• housing situation no impact
• material standard of living no impact
• work performance negative
• study/work training performance no impact
• care giving of children no impact
• care giving elderly no impact

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Longer time spent playing EGMs in clubs

• physical health negative
• mental well being no impact
• relationships with family and friends no impact
• feelings about self no impact
• overall quality of life no impact
• overall satisfaction with life no impact
• financial situation no impact
• housing situation no impact
• material standard of living no impact
• work performance no impact
• study/work training performance no impact
• care giving of children no impact
• care giving elderly no impact

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Longer time spent playing EGMs in casino

• physical health negative
• mental well being negative
• relationships with family and friends negative
• feelings about self negative
• overall quality of life negative
• overall satisfaction with life negative
• financial situation no impact
• housing situation positive
• material standard of living positive
• work performance no impact
• study/work training performance no impact
• care giving of children no impact
• care giving elderly no impact

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Longer time playing EGMs in bars

• physical health negative
• mental well being negative
• relationships with family and friends negative
• feelings about self negative
• overall quality of life negative
• overall satisfaction with life negative
• financial situation no impact
• housing situation no impact
• material standard of living no impact
• work performance no impact
• study/work training performance no impact
• care giving of children negative
• care giving elderly no impact

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Time spent playing EGMs in different venues
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Impacts of other peoples gambling

• About 12 had at least one person in their lives
  whom they considered to have been fairly heavy
  gamblers
• They reported poorer physical health, poorer
  mental well being and lower life satisfaction
• They were also more likely to have been involved
  in illegal activities

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Satisfaction with Life estimated effects of
three counterfactuals
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Conclusions

• Loss to income ratio good predictor on reduced
  quality of life in a number of life domains
• Time spent gambling in different modes/venues
  showed impact of pokies, especially in bars.
• Other modes of gambling more variable.
• The study revealed significant associations
  between exposure to heavy gamblers and physical
  and mental health and satisfaction with life.
• The study provided useful data to contribute to
  estimates of the social costs of gambling