UAV Development Status 2001 Main Observations

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UAV Development Status2001Main Observations

• Kick-off Meeting - STOCKHOLM 23/10/2001

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UAV Development Status - 2001

• This presentation is based on a review of
  publicly available information published either
  in the press or on the internet.
• The analysis of this information represents
  solely the opinions of the writer.

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UAV Development Status-2001Main Observations

• Additional Expansion in Military UAV Activity
• Ongoing Operational Activity
• Fielding of New Systems
• Acquisition of New Systems
• Development Demonstration of Future Systems
• Studies Basic RD
• Expansion in Regulatory Activity for UAV
  integration in ATC, Airworthiness, Operation
• Civil UAV Activity
• Demonstration
• Studies

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MILITARY UAV EXPANSION

• USA
• GLOBAL HAWK - Demonstration Operation
• PREDATOR A - New Application Production
• TUAV - Operational Evaluation
• - ER/MP
• JTUAV (ROTARY) - Operational Evaluation
• PREDATOR B - Demonstration
• UCAV X-45 - Demonstration
• UCAV-N (X-46, X-47) - Demonstration
• MRE - Study
• .

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Boeing X45
Predator B3
Boeing MRE
BAe Systems FOAS
Dassault AVE
Northrop UCAN- Navy
Lockheed MRE
Lockheed UCAN- Navy
EADS
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MILITARY UAV EXPANSION

• EUROPE
• FRANCE
• CRE CERELL - Operation
• HUNTER-F - Evaluation
• EAGLE - 1 - Acquisition
• EAGLE - 2 - Development
• AVE - Dassault study
• FUTURE PROGRAMS - Studies
• UK
• PHOENIX - Operation
• WATCH KEEPER - Study (Sender, Spectator)
• FOAS - Study

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MILITARY UAV EXPANSION

• EUROPE
• GERMANY
• BREVEL - Acquisition
• SEAMOS - Development
• CL-289 - Operation
• Future programs - Studies
• SWITZERLAND
• RANGER - Operation
• BELGIUM
• HUNTER - B - Acquisition

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MILITARY UAV EXPANSION

• ITALY
• MIRACH 20/150 - Operation
• PREDATOR A - Acquisition
• SWEDEN
• SPERWER - Acquisition
• UCAV (SHARC) - Development
• FUTURE PROGRAMS - Studies
• DENMARK
• SPERWER - Acquisition
• NETHERLANDS
• SPERWER - Acquisition
• FINLAND - ...
• SPAIN - ...

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Additional Military UAV Significant Activity

• Asia Australia South-Africa
• Singapore
• India
• Taiwan
• Korea
• Malaysia
• Thailand Israel East Europe
• Philippines - I.A.I - Russia
• Vietnam - ELBIT - Czech Republic

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Regulatory Activity for UAV Operations in Civil
Airspace

• USA FAA AUVSI, TAAC, Northrop Grumman, NASA
• Europe National CAA UAVS(UK), Euro UVS JAA
  I.A.I.
• Australia CASA

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• Approaches
• Screening of UAV types
• Use of existing regulations
• Controlled space definition
• Design standards
• Controller qualification
• Maintenance qualification
• Enabling Technologies
• Sense and avoid
• Over the horizon communications
• Total system reliability

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UAV - in USA National Airspace System

• Flying outside restricted airspace
• F.A.A. D.O.D - New criteria since 1999.
• ROA Remotely Operated Aircraft
• COA Certificate of Authorization (for one year)
• Submitted at least 60 days prior to proposed ROA
  operation
• Application to ensure The ROA is Airworthy
• Flight operation plan
• Physical characteristics
• Performance
• Method of piloting
• ATC radio communications
• Contingency procedures
• See and avoid techniques
• External light
• ATC transponder

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Global Hawk Airworthiness Approach Today

• Routes of flight selected with minimum exposure
  to densely populated areas
• Complying with
• FAA, DOD , local ROA approach
• AFFSA rules with special waivers
• Development of national COA for Global Hawk to
  comply with Global Air Traffic Management(GATM)
  Launched 2001

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UK CAA DADUAV Operations in UK AirspaceGuidance
Document

• UAV operated under remote or autonomous control
• Group classification
• Population density
• Controlled airspace
• Operation rules
• Sense and avoid criteria

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CIVIL UAV ACTIVITY

• USA
• NASA - ERAST 1993-2003 Demonstration
• NASA - ERAST 2 2003
• NASA - ESE 2001 - 2005 Demonstration
• DOE/NASA - ARM-UAV, Fire UAV
• ADROIT SYSTEMS
• Australia - AEROSONDE Demonstration
• Japan - YAMAHA R-50 Operation
• Israel - FIREBIRD Demonstration
• EC - HELINET (ITALY)
• -UAVNET, CAPECON, USICO (2002)

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ERAST (NASA-INDUSTRY)1993-2003

• Develop and transfer advanced technology to
  America UAV industry
• Conduct flight demonstrations - operational
  science missions
• NASA - DRYDEN ALTUS 11
• AEROVIRONMENT DRESSES A, B
• AURORA PROTEOS
• GENERAL ATOMIC PATHFINDER
• SCALED COMPOSITES PATHFINDER
• THERMO MECHANICAL SYSTEM CENTURION/HELIUS
• HYPERSPECTRAL SCIENCES PREDATOR B
• AMTECH
• ERAST future focus
• Solar electric propulsion (HELIUS)
• Jet aircraft for NASA Earth Science Enterprise
  (ESE) Predator
• Commercialization of UAV Technologies

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Pathfinder Plus
Helios
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Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor
Technology ERAST

• HELIOS PREDATOR - B
• 100000 ft Operational Reliability
• Regenerative ENERY storage system OTH
• Endurance gt 4 days Unrestricted space
• Improved Reliability See and Avoid
• Communications relay 660 LB Payload
• Atmosphere monitoring 32 HR at
• Ground imaging 42-52 kft
• ... Earth science enterprise (ESE) missions

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Altus
Predator B
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Earth Science Enterprise (ESE)NASA-Since 1958
Application Sectors

• Food Fiber - Precision agriculture,
  fisheries, pest control
• Natural Resources - Land use/landcover, forestry,
  wetlands geology, water resources, rangeland, .
• Disaster Management - earthquakes, volcanoes,
  wildfires, severe storm,
• Environmental Quality - Growth management, air
  quality, ozone, water quality
• Urban, Energy Infrastructure - urban
  infrastructure planing, mineral exploration
  extraction, transportation,.
• Human Health Safety - Public health, vector
  born diseases, meteorology, oceanography,
  biology, geology, atmospheric sciences.

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NASA New Science Mission Demonstration

• MAY 2001
• 45 proposals NRA-00-OES-02
• 2 selected
• CLARK UNIVERSITY, Mass.
• Pathfinder, Hawaiian coffee monitoring
• NASA-MARSHALL CENTER
• Altus -II Lightning Buildup and Dissipation
• 2x4 8M 4 years

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Critical Enabling TechnologiesNASA 6/2001
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NASA DOE (Department of Energy)

• ARM- UAV Atmospheric Radiation 1993
  Arm-UAV
• Altus, Egret
• FIRE - UAV Fire monitoring - ALTUS II 2000
• AIRDAS - Airborne Infrared Disaster
  Assessment System

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Power Line Patrol by UAVAdroit Systems Inc.

• UAV demonstration
• FAA coordinated, visual day operation
• Aerovironment Pointer UAV
• Weight 4kg
• endurance 20min
• Radius 3nm
• Speed 20-40kts
• (Drawbacks - winds, visibility, sensor limits)
• Schiebel Technologies - Camcopter
• Weight 66kg
• endurance 2h
• Radius 4-5nm
• Speed 50kts
• (Drawbacks - sensor limits)

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Pointer
Schiebel
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Power Line Patrol by UAVAdroit Systems Inc.

• FAA coordination
• Reliability problems
• Operational cost (not yet competitive)

Based on lecture given by Prof. Shephard in
Paris, June 2001
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AEROSONDE

• Main mission - meteorological observations in
  remote inaccessible regions
• MINI UAV SYSTEM
• 15 kg weight
• 5 kg fuel
• 1.2 kg avionics
• 60 w generator
• 24 cc engine
• 80-150 KPH speed
• endurance 30 hr
• ALTlt 20 kft

Time table Fully robotic flight 1997 Atlantic
crossing 26H 45 Hr 1998 US National Science
Foundation 5/2000 5M contract Alaska SAAB takes
20 stake 4/2001 NASA 1M contract 5/2001
(Clouds Hurricanes Research)
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Yamaha-R50
Fire Bird
Aerosonde
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Yamaha -RMAX Unmanned Helicopter for Distribution
of Agricultural Chemicals

• R-50 - Introduced in 1990
• 1000 units sold
• RMAX Introduced 1998
• Rotor Diameter 3.11 TM
• Take off weight 90 kg
• Empty weight 58 kg
• Payload 24 kg
• Endurance 1 hr
• Maximum Altitude 100 m
• Control Range 150 m (visual range)

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IAI FIREBIRD 2001Forest Fire Monitoring

• Successful technical demonstration 10/96
• Main conclusions
• System still not mature
• Different design point is required
• Higher altitude
• Longer endurance
• Larger coverage area rate
• Economic viability and operational reliability
  required

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Conclusions

• Military UAV accelerated expansion, providing
  technology basis for mature UAV operation
• Regulatory activity advances
• USA
• UK
• Australia
• Netherlands
• Belgium
• France
• Civil UAV activity at low level
• Challenges are - advancements in cost and
  safety

Integrated effort required