CENTER FOR SPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION CSSTE

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CENTER FOR SPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION
(CSSTE)

• ROCKETS Reaching for the skies

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• EARLY ROCKETRY

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Around 400BC

• As an entertainment, the Greek, Archytas, used
  steam escaping from inside a wooden pigeon to
  move the bird along a wire.
• This was the first recorded rocket-like flight

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Around 100BC

• The Greek known as Hero used escaping steam to
  create a spinning sphere.
• The equipment was called Heros engine

Hero engine
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13th century

• The first reported use of true rockets.
• Chinese fire-arrows were the first simple
  solid-fuel rockets.
• The first reported use of rockets as weapons in
  Europe.

Chinese fire-arrows
Chinese soldier launching fire arrows
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• FATHERS OF ROCKETRY

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• Sir Isaac Newton publishes his three laws of
  motion, which explain how rockets work and why
  they are able to work in vacuum of outer space

Sir Isaac Newton
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• Russian schoolteacher Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
  realises that liquid fuels would give rockets the
  speed and range they would need to escape the
  Earths atmosphere and into space.
• Suggests space exploration by rocket

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
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• Robert Goddard achieved the first successful
  flight of a rocket using a liquid fuel on
• March 16, 1926
• Developed gyroscope system for flight control and
  a payload compartment for scientific instruments

Robert Goddard
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• Sergei Pavlovich Korolev
• Hermann Oberth
• Werhner von Braun

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• ROCKET PRINCIPLES

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• A rocket is like a balloon containing air
  under pressure. A small opening at one end allows
  the air to escape, and in doing so, provides a
  force that pushes the rocket in the opposite
  direction.

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Rocket principles (contd)

• Newtons laws of motion

• First law
• Objects at rest will stay at rest and objects
  in motion will stay in motion in a straight line
  unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

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Rocket principles (contd)

• Newtons laws of motion

• Second law
• Force is equal to mass times acceleration.

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Rocket principles (contd)

• Newtons laws of motion

• Third law
• For every action there is always an opposite
  and equal reaction.

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• ROCKETS ALBUM

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March 1942

• The first A4 rocket takes to the skies.
• In its first flight, Von Brauns A4 rocket, known
  later as the V2, rose only about 100 metres, then
  crashed into the sea, just over a kilometre from
  the launch site.

A4 to A9
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September 1944

• The first V2s are launched against London during
  the Second World War

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1949

• First launch of United States Viking rocket.

Viking launch
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October 1957

• On 4th October, 1957,
• USSR launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial
  satellite to orbit the Earth
• It was launched using a V2 rocket

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January 1958

• Americas first satellite, Explorer 1, is
  launched into orbit.
• A Jupiter-C rocket, essentially a highly refined
  development of the V2, launches Explorer 1.

Explorer 1
Jupiter-C rocket
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January 1961

• Alan Shepard became the 1st American astronaut to
  ride to space on May 5, 1961.
• Shepard rode inside a Mercury space capsule on
  top of a Redstone rocket

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1962

• An atlas rocket launches first American into orbit

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1965

• The first manned Gemini flight.
• A Titan II rocket powers Virgil Grissom and John
  Young into space to make three orbits of the
  earth.

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1970

• A Long March rocket launches Mao1, Chinas first
  space satellite.
• The three-stage rocket is 30m high and 2m in
  diameter. Its maximum payload is 300kg.

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1975

• A Titan III Centaur rocket carried Voyager 1, the
  first interplanetary spacecraft to fly by both
  Jupiter and Saturn, on Sept 5, 1975.

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1981

• The Space Shuttle
• 1st flight on April 12, 1981

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• FUTURE VEHICLES

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X-34
DC-X
X-33
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• CSSTE ACTIVITIES

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• Thank you