HISTORY OF SEA TURTLE POPULATIONS

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• HISTORY OF SEA TURTLE POPULATIONS
• IN THE SULTANATE Of OMAN

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Presented By Ali Al Kiuymi Director General of
Nature Conservation Ministry of Regional
Municipalities, Environment Water
Resources 2006
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? ????? ?????? 2006
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FIVE SEA TURTLE SPECIES IN THE SULTANATE ????
?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????
Loggerhead turtle ???????? ????????
Green turtle ???????? ???????
Hawksbill turtle ???????? ???????
Olive Ridley turtle ???????? ?????????
Leatherback turtle ???????? ??????
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Feeding Grounds for Sea Turtles in Arabia
The coasts off Oman are the only area where 5
species can be found
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Sea Turtles Major Diet Items??????? ????????
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• Greens
• ???????
• Loggerheads
• ????????
• Hawksbills
• ???????
• Olives
• ?????????
• Leatherbacks
• ??????

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Nesting Grounds for Sea Turtles in Arabia?????
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The coasts off Oman are the only area where 4
species can be found Leatherbacks nest in India
(not in Arabia), although they also feed in
Arabia
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Nesting Feeding Grounds for Sea Turtles in the
Sultanate of Oman

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H - Hawksbills G Greens L Loggerheads O
Olives ! Population of world-wide importance
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Migration Routes Between Feedings Nesting
Grounds in the NW Indian OceanBased on Tag
Recovery
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????????Loggerheads
Greens ???????
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????? ??????? ??????? Tagging Sea Turtles
Rear flippers in leatherbacks only
Front flippers in other turtles
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Aspects of Turtle Nesting Beaches??? ????? ?????
???????
Nesting Cycle
High Density Population
Turtle Track Body Pit
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Sea Turtles Sex Differentiation??????????
??????? ??????? ???????
Green Turtle Chelonia mydas
Male ???
Female ????
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Major Threats to Sea Turtle Populations???????
???????? ???? ???? ???????

• Predation on eggs, hatchlings, juveniles and
  adults
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• Parasitism/Diseases
• ????????? / ???????
• Human Impacts
• ??????? ??????
• Complex Oceanographic Episodic Events
• ??????? ??????? ???????

Harmful microalgae
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Loggerheads on Masirah, 1978-1990 main
results????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????
????? ?? ??? 1978 - 1990

• Nesting on NE Masirah Island
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  ????? .
• Nesting Season May-July
• . 2. ???? ??????? ???? ?????
• 30,000 annual nesting females
• 3. ???? 30.000 ???? ????? .
• Major predators on nesting grounds seagulls,
  terrestrial mammals
• 4. ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????.

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Hawksbills on the Dimaniyat Islands, 1984-85,
1999-2001 main results????? ????? ????? ???????
?????? ?????????? ?? ??? 1984- 1985 ? 1999-2001

• Nesting mainly on D1, D4 and D9 Islands
• 1. ???? ????? ??? ????? ?1 ? ?4 ? ?9.
• Nesting Season January-July
• 2. ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????
• 3. At least 300 annual nesting females, nesting
  on 1.5 Km of beaches
• 3. ?? ?? ??? ?? 300 ?????? ???? ????? ??? 1.5
  ??????? ?? ???????
• Major predators seabirds, birds of prey, sharks
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  ?????? ???????? ? ????? ?????

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Green turtles at Ras Al Hadd, 1978-2004 main
results ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????
?? ??? 1978 - 2004

• Nesting mainly at Ras Al Hadd and
• Ras Al Jinz beaches
• 1. ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ? ??? ?????
• All year round, peaking between July and October
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  ????? ? ??????
• At least between 13,000-20,000 annual nesting
  females
• 3. ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?? 13.000
  20.000 ???? ?????
• Major predators seagulls, ghost crabs, foxes
• 4. ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ?????
  ????? ? ??????

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Thank you for your attention ???? ???? ????????
Green turtle Chelonia mydas in Sur in 2002
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Green Turtle Chelonia mydas(phylum Chordata
order Testudines family Cheloniidae)