Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: FRBR and Millennium

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Functional Requirements for Bibliographic
Records FRBR and Millennium

• Claudia Conrad
• Product Manager

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FRBR

• Functional Requirements for Bibliographic
  Records
• Pronounced fur-bur or eff are bee are
• Outcome of an IFLA study, approved in 1997
• Studys aim was to produce a framework that
  would provide a clear, precisely stated, and
  commonly shared understanding of what it is that
  the bibliographic record aims to provide
  information about, and what it is that we expect
  the record to achieve in terms of answering user
  needs
• http//www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.pdf
• (or Google frbr ifla)

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FRBR is

• A conceptual model
• Intended to relate the attributes and
  relationships of bibliographic records in respect
  to the tasks that users perform
• An attempt to recommend a set of minimum data
  requirements that would provide a basic level of
  functionality based on user needs

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FRBR is not

• A standard
• Intended to replace AACR2
• An alternative to MARC21 or any other MARC format

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Basic User Tasks

• Find materials using search criteria
• Identify an entity as being the desired object
• Select an entity that is appropriate to their
  needs
• Obtain the entity (or access to it)

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FRBR Entities

• Group 1 (WEMI) what is described by the record
• Work - distinct intellectual or artistic creation
  (e.g., Shakespeares Hamlet)
• Expression - intellectual or artistic realization
  of a work (e.g., video recording of a performance
  or an English language text version of
  Shakespeares Hamlet)
• Manifestation - physical embodiment of an
  expression of a work (e.g., the video recording
  of a performance of Shakespeares Hamlet released
  by Columbia Pictures in 1997)
• Item - single exemplar of a manifestation (the
  physical piece with a barcode attached to it)
• Group 2 who is responsible for the creation,
  production, etc. of the entity (individuals and
  corporate bodies)
• Group 3 the subjects of the entity (concept,
  object, event, and place)

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Group 1 Entities

• Nature of the entities
• The intellectual or artistic content are
  reflected in the work and expression
• The physical form is defined in the manifestation
  and item
• Relationship between entities
• A work may be realized through one or more than
  one expression
• An expression is the realization of one and only
  one work
• An expression may be embodied in one or more than
  one manifestation likewise a manifestation may
  embody one or more than one expression
• A manifestation, in turn, may be exemplified by
  one or more than one item

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Group 1 Relationships
Work
Realized through
Expression
Embodied in
Manifestation
Exemplified by
Item
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Group 2 3 Entities

• FRANAR (FRAR?) Functional Requirements and
  Numbering of Authority Records
• Group 2
• Authority records for names (persons, families,
  corporate bodies), titles and name-titles
• Group 3
• Authority records for subjects (concept, object,
  event, place)

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Possible Approaches

• Split bibliographic records into 3 separate
  records (work record, expression record,
  manifestation record)
• Not defined by MARC standard
• Implications for record loading and output
• Whole new way of thinking for cataloging staff?
• Add data to existing records to define which the
  data comprising Group 1 entities (work,
  expression)
• Not defined by MARC standard
• Less disruptive to cataloging staff?

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Innovative Solution

• Automatically build keys that define the group
  one entities appropriate to a bibliographic
  record
• Web OPAC will provide FRBR access via keys
• Millennium will automatically create keys in bib
  records
• Using OCLCs FRBR Work-Set Algorithm as a
  starting point
• http//www.oclc.org/research/software/frbr/
• Future development may include a more complex
  linked records approach

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Group 1 Key

• Work
• Author 100, 110 or 111 (author subfields only)
• Title 130, 240, 243 or 245 (title subfields
  only)
• Date of work 130, 240, 243 or 245 (subfields d,
  f)
• Form of work 130, 240, 243 or 245 (subfield k)
• Other distinguishing characteristics 130, 240 or
  243 (subfield s)
• Medium of performance 130, 240 or 243 (subfield
  m)
• Key for music 130 or 240 or 243 subfield r  
• Coordinates 255 subfield c
• Keys also built for analytical entries
• Some elements may be blank

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Group 1 Key, continued

• Expression
• 1-8. Work key
• Form of expression leader byte 06
• Language of expression 130, 240 or
• 243 subfield l or 008/35-37
• Other distinguishing characteristic 130 or
  240 or 243 subfield o, or 245 subfield s
• Type of score 254 subfield a
• Scale 255 subfield a

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What about the Manifestation?

• A key is not built the balance of the record is
  considered to be manifestation data

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What about the Manifestation?

• A key is not built the balance of the record is
  considered to be manifestation data

What about Items?

• The items are still stored as attached records

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Highly FRBR-izable

• Popular fiction
• Classic literature
• Music
• Things with a uniform title
• Studies show 15-20 of bib records in library
  catalogs are FRBR-izable

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Example Keys

• LEADER ncm 22 a 4500
• 008 840417s1981 nyuopc n eng
• 100 1 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus,d1756-1791.
• 240 10 Zauberflöte
• 245 14 The magic flute bDie Zauberflöte an
  opera in two acts /cmusic by W.A. Mozart the
  original text by Emanuel Schikaneder and Carl
  Ludwig Giesecke English translation by Earl
  Snow.
• Work Key mozartwolfgangamadeus17561791
  zauberflote
• Expression Key mozartwolfgangamadeus17561791zau
  berfloteceng

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Example Keys

• LEADER njm 22I 4500
• 008 790525s1965 gw opnn dh n 0 germ
• 100 10 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus,d1756-1791
• 240 10 Zauberflöte.lGerman
• 245 14 Die ZauberflötebOper in zwei Aufzügen
• Work Key mozartwolfgangamadeus17561791
  zauberflote
• Expression Key mozartwolfgangamadeus17561791zau
  berflotejger

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Web OPAC and Millennium Clients

• Provide a logical grouping of bibliographic
  records that would allow users to target the
  desired entity more quickly and easily
• Search for author Mozart, Wolfgang would
  include a FRBR entry for Zauberflöte in the
  results

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Standard browse
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FRBR tree view
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Standard Web OPAC
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Web OPAC with FRBR
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Bib (manifestation) with FRBR map
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Current FRBR Projects

• OCLCs FictionFinder
• http//www.oclc.org/research/projects/frbr/fiction
  finder.htm
• OCLCs xISBN
• http//www.oclc.org/research/projects/xisbn/defaul
  t.htm
• RLGs RedLight Green
• http//www.redlightgreen.com/

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Challenges?

• Cataloging workload and thought process
• Currently, the manifestation is cataloged as a
  whole
• Record Sharing
• How to go back and FRBR-ize existing records in
  system?
• Not all records benefit from FRBR
• FRBR is appropriate for different works in
  different libraries
• A work may become a good FRBR candidate long
  after initially cataloged
• Superworks
• Works that have been adapted multiple times
  (e.g., Romeo and Juliet)

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Planned availability Release 2005
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Committee ParticipationVendor Liaison to the
Joint Steering Committee for Revision of
Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules' Format
Variation Working Group (JSCfRoAACRFVWG for
short)
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Thank you!

• Claudia Conrad
• Product Manager