World War I: Peace Settlements

1
World War I Peace Settlements

• The Peace to End all Peace

2
Treaty of Versailles

• Ends War with Germany
• Alsace-Lorraine returned to France
• The Saar Basin placed under international control
  for 15 years
• Part of Schleswig returned to Denmark
• West Prussia ceded to Poland (the corridor to
  the sea)
• The Rhineland to be occupied by the Allies for 15
  years and then demilitarized

3
Post-War Europe
4
Versailles cont

• German army limited to 100,000 men
• Germany to pay the total cost of civilian damage
  in the war France set the amount at
  33,000,000,000.
• Germany was required to turn over to the Allies
  most of her merchant marine and fishing fleet
• Germany accepts SOLE responsibility for causing
  World War I (the war guilt clause)
• The League of Nations was created

5
TREATY OF SAINT GEMAIN 

• Ends war with Austria-Hungary     
• Austria recognized the independence of Poland,
  Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia
• Trentino, South Tyrol ceded to Italy
• Yugoslavia formed by joining Serbia, Montenegro,
  Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Austria forbidden to unite with Germany except
  with the express permission of the League of
  Nations

6
TREATY OF NEUILLY

• Ended war with Bulgaria
•  Bulgaria stripped of her outlet to the Aegean
• Bulgaria forced to recognize Yugoslavia and made
  to pay reparations
• Bulgarian army limited

7
TREATY OF TRIANON, 1920

• Ended war with Hungary
• Hungary stripped of 75 of her former territory
  which was divided between Czechoslovakia,
  Yugoslavia and Rumania
• Hungarian army limited

8
TREATY OF SEVRES, 1920

• Ends war with Turkey
• Arabia made independent
• Armenia made independent
• Palestine, Trans-Jordan and Iraq made League of
  Nations Mandates, entrusted to England
• Palestine to include a national homeland for the
  Jews, as promised by Great Britain in 1917
• Syria and Lebanon made League of Nations
  Mandates, entrusted to France

9
World War I and the Ottoman Territories

• McMahon Agreement, 1916 (between British High
  Commissioner and the Emir of Mecca)
• Great Britain is prepared to recognize and
  support the independence of the Arabs in all
  regions within the limits demanded by the Sherif
  of Mecca.

10
And the Ottoman Territories

• Sikes-Picot Agreement, 1916 (between Britain and
  France)
• Britain will gain sovereignty over Jordan, Iraq
  and Palestine, France will gain sovereignty over
  Lebanon and Syria. Since sites sacred to the
  three world religions are located there, an
  international regime in initially envisioned for
  Palestine.

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And the Jewish People . . .

• His Majestys government views with favour the
  establishment in Palestine previously Ottoman
  of a national home for the Jewish people, and
  will use their endeavors to facilitate the
  achievement of this object, it being clearly
  understood that nothing shall be done which may
  prejudice the civil and religions rights of
  existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine. . .
  .

12
Post-war Middle East