Class 1 Staff Materials

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Electronics Merit Badge Class 1
Name ____________________
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(No Transcript)
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Electronics Merit
Badge Class 1 AC Power Sources DC Power
Sources Voltage, Current and Resistance Build
Circuit with Light, Buzzer and Switch Class
2 Components - Passive and Active Ohms
Law Ohms Law Tool Kit Transistor Logic IC
Logic Class 3 Binary Logic Binary / Hex Tool
Kit LED Circuit Design Class 4 Solder
Theory Solder Practice Build LED Kit
Pg 2
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Electrical and Electronic Engineering Careers
All engineers draw from the fundamentals of
science and mathematics. They design and work
with electrical, electronic, electro-optical, and
electromechanical devices, circuits, and systems.
Engineering is a discipline that integrates many
disciplines, such as physics, chemistry,
mathematics, computer software and hardware,
solid-state electronics, communications,
electromagnetics and optics, signals and signal
processing, systems science, reliability,
engineering economics, manufacturing and many
more.
1m 1m
Pg 3
5
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Careers
Electrical engineers specializing in working with
electrical power such as motors and generators,
designing transmission lines and working at
power plants. Designing wiring systems for homes
and buildings. Electronic Engineers
specializing in designing of smaller electronic
products such as Radios, televisions, phones,
digital and analog circuit technologies
computers, games, controls for cars, planes and
boats and many more electronic related products.
1m 2m
Pg 4
6
Electricity
Typical House Electricity
Two types of Electricity AC Alternating
Current DC Direct Current
AC Alternating Current
RMS 120 VAC
170 Volts Peak
Steam Engine
Electric Generator
Ground

• 170 Volts
• Peak

Produces AC voltage
60 cycles per second
DC Direct Current
12.0 Volts
1 Car Battery
6.0 Volts
4 Battery
Flashlight
3.0 Volts
2 Battery
1.5 Volt Battery
1.5 Volts
1 Battery
Ground or 0 volts
2m 4m
Pg 5
7
AC Power / Voltage Generation
Power Plants generate Electricity at very
high voltage levels to reduce cable size and
because of voltage losses in transporting it
long distances to reach customers. It is stepped
down through transformers to 240 VAC at the home
AC stands for _________________ What are some
methods used to generate electricity? 1)
______________ 2) ______________ 3)
______________ 4) ______________ 5)
______________
500,000 VAC
Sub Station Transformer
12,000 VAC
240 VAC
240 VAC
1m 5m
Pg 6
8
AC Power / Voltage Generation
Power Plants generate Electricity at very
high voltage levels to reduce cable size and
because of voltage losses in transporting it
long distances to reach customers. It is stepped
down through transformers to 240 VAC at the home
AC stands for _Alternating Current_ What are
some methods used to generate electricity? 1)
_Coal Steam Generators 2) _Oil Steam
Generators 3) _ Water Hydro Generators 4)
_Nuclear Steam Generators 5) _ Wind Wind
Generators
500,000 VAC
Sub Station Transformer
12,000 VAC
240 VAC
240 VAC
1m 6m
Pg 7
9
Electric Generation Plants
Coal, Gas, Oil-fired Steam Power Plant
Hydro (Water) Power Plant
1m 7m
Wind Power Plant
Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Plant
Pg 8
10
Circuit Breaker / Fuses
Electricity from the transformer connect first
through the electric meter then through the
breaker box to protect the house from overload or
short conditions. A breaker box can either have
fuses or resettable breakers. The breaker box
routes either 240 VAC or 120 VAC electricity to
different places.
240 VAC
120 VAC
240 VAC
Electric Meter
Electric Breaker Box
Stove
120 VAC
2m 9m
Pg 9
11
Circuit Breaker / Fuses
Circuit Breaker A circuit breaker Is like a light
switch. If it is overloaded the switch
will overheat and click open. When it cools down
the switch can be reset.
Fuses A Fuse is like a light bulb. It will pass
electricity until it is overloaded, then the
metal fuse link will burn open.
120 VAC
120 VAC
_____
________
_______
_______
1m 10m
Whats the Difference
Pg 10
12
Circuit Breaker / Fuses
Circuit Breaker A circuit breaker Is like a light
switch. If it is overloaded the switch
will overheat and click open. When it cools down
the switch can be reset.
Fuses A Fuse is like a light bulb. It will pass
electricity until it is overloaded, then the
metal fuse link will burn open.
120 VAC
120 VAC
___Good__
_Open__
_Open__
__Good_
0m 10m
Whats the Difference
Pg 11
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Home Appliances That run on AC Power
What are some other common items that use AC
Voltage in Homes 1) ______________ 2)
______________ 3) ______________ 4)
______________ 5) ______________ 6)
______________
Microwave
TV
Sewing Machine
Stereo
Computer
1m 11m
Pg 12
14
Home Appliances That run on AC Power
What are some other common items that use AC
Voltage in Homes 1) _Computer_ 2) _Hair
Dryer_ 3) _Air Conditioner_ 4) _Toaster_ 5)
__Stove___ 6) __Lights____
Microwave
TV
Sewing Machine
Stereo
Computer
1m 11m
Pg 13
15
House Wiring
A house is wired with heavy gauge wire to handle
120 Volts AC in order to power high wattage
devices. A circuit breaker or fuse is used to
protects the wire from getting too hot, and
possibly starting a fire. House Items are rated
in wattage, but the fuse is rated in amps. How
do we know if we are going to overload our fuse
or breaker box?
120 VAC
120 VAC
Meter
Four outlets on one breaker.
Circuit Breaker or Fuse Box
20 A
20 A
20 A
20 A
Watts Volts amps Amps Watts
Volts
Refrig 400 Watts
Toaster 1200 Watts
TV 300 Watts
Microwave 800 Watts
1200 watts 10 amps 120 volts
Hold up toaster shows 1200 watts on one side
1m 12m
Pg 14
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House Wiring
Pass out
How do we know if we are going to overload our
fuse or breaker box?
120 VAC
120 VAC
Meter
Four outlets on one breaker.
Circuit Breaker or Fuse Box
20 A
20 A
20 A
20 A
Watts Volts amps Amps Watts
Volts
Refrig 400 Watts
Toaster 1200 Watts
TV 300 Watts
Microwave 800 Watts
Determine if the circuit breaker is overloaded.
Calculate total power Refrig.
Toaster TV
Microwave Power ________ ________
________ _______ ________ Total
Watts Amps watts _______
_______ amps Overload Yes or No
________ volts
If all appliances are On
4m 16m
Pg 15
17
House Wiring
How do we know if we are going to overload our
fuse or breaker box?
120 VAC
120 VAC
Meter
Four outlets on one breaker.
Circuit Breaker or Fuse Box
20 A
20 A
20 A
20 A
Watts Volts amps Amps Watts
Volts
Refrig 400 Watts
Toaster 1200 Watts
TV 300 Watts
Microwave 800 Watts
Determine if the circuit breaker is overloaded.
Calculate total power Refrig.
Toaster TV
Microwave Power __400_ _1200_
__300_ _800__ _2700__ Total
Watts Amps watts _2700_
__22.5_ amps Overload Yes or No
__yes__ volts
120
If all appliances are On
0m 16m
18
Direct Current Batteries
Flashlight
Light Bulb is a Resistor
-
-
Switch
Carbon Rod
Protons Electrons -
Gel Insulator
Battery works from a chemical reaction
between the carbon rod and zinc case
-
Zinc Casing
-
Dis-Charged Battery
Charged Battery
-
-
-
Voltage is the quantity of _Electrical Force____
in Volts Current is the flow of ___Electrons____
in Amps
2m 17m
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Batteries Types

• Zinc-carbon battery - Also known as a standard
  carbon battery, zinc-carbon chemistry is used in
  all inexpensive AA, C and D dry-cell batteries.
  The electrodes are zinc and carbon, with an
  acidic paste between them that serves as the
  electrolyte.
• Alkaline battery - Used in common Duracell and
  Energizer batteries, the electrodes are zinc and
  manganese-oxide, with an alkaline electrolyte.
• Lithium photo battery - Lithium, lithium-iodide
  and lead-iodide are used in cameras because of
  their ability to supply power surges
• Lead-acid battery - Used in automobiles, the
  electrodes are made of lead and lead-oxide with a
  strong acidic electrolyte (rechargeable).
• Nickel-cadmium battery - The electrodes are
  nickel-hydroxide and cadmium, with
  potassium-hydroxide as the electrolyte
  (rechargeable).
• Nickel-metal hydride battery - This battery is
  rapidly replacing nickel-cadmium because it does
  not suffer from the memory effect that
  nickel-cadmiums do (rechargeable).
• Lithium-ion battery - With a very good
  power-to-weight ratio, this is often found in
  high-end laptop and cell phones (rechargeable).
• Zinc-air battery - This battery is lightweight
  and rechargeable.
• Zinc-mercury oxide battery - This is often used
  in hearing-aids.
• Silver-zinc battery - This is used in
  aeronautical applications because the
  power-to-weight ratio is good.
• Metal-chloride battery - This is used in electric
  vehicles

1m 18m
Pg 17
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Pass out
Direct Current Typical Battery Rating - How
Long will they Last
AA Cell
C Cell
AAA Cell
D Cell
Flashlight
1.5 volts
1.5 volts
1.5 volts
1.5 volts
4 Amps Hours
.5 Amps Hours
.2 Amps Hours
2 Amps Hours
0.1 Amp
If a flashlight pulls 1 Amp, how long will each
battery last? Time Amp Hours / Load in
Amps D cell Amp Hours _____
_______ hours Amps C
cell Amp Hours _____ _______
hours Amps AA cell
Amp Hours _____ ________ hours
Amps AAA cell Amp Hours
_____ ________ hours
Amps
2m 20m
Pg 18
21
Direct Current Battery Types How Long will they
Last
AA Cell
C Cell
AAA Cell
D Cell
Flashlight
1.5 volts
1.5 volts
1.5 volts
1.5 volts
4 Amps Hours
.5 Amps Hours
.2 Amps Hours
2 Amps Hours
0.1 Amp
If a flashlight pulls 1 Amp, how long will each
battery last? Time Amp Hours / Load in
Amps D cell Amp Hours __4___
__40__ hours Amps
.1 C cell Amp Hours
__2___ __20___ hours
Amps .1 AA cell Amp
Hours ___.5__ ___5____ hours
Amps .1 AAA cell
Amp Hours __.2___ ___2____ hours
Amps .1
1m 21m
Pg 19
22
Direct Current Cost of Batteries for the Same
Output
D Cell 1.50
Same as
8 AA Cell 8x.65 5.20
Same as
2 - C Cell 2x1.10 2.20
2 Amps Hours
2 Amps Hours
.5 Amps Hours
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
4 Amps Hours


8 x .5 4 Amps
Hours
Same as
.2 4 Amps Hours
20 X
20 AAA Cell 20 x .45 9.00

The more Batteries The more waste
2m 23m
Pg 20
23
Flashlight Diagram
Slide Switch
Tension Spring (-) Battery Contact
Battery Cells
Slide Switch
Added Poteniometer Changes Light Level
Battery Cells
2m 25m
Pg 21
24
Direct Current Car Battery System
Car Battery consist of six 2 Volt cells. How
much total Voltage?
2v 2v 2v 2v 2v 2v _________Volts
Horn
What are some of the electrical items in a car?
1m 26m
Pg 22
25
Direct Current Car Battery System
Car Battery consist of six 2 Volt cells. How
much total Voltage?
2v 2v 2v 2v 2v 2v ___12__Volts
Horn
Lights
Wiper
Radio
CD
What are some of the electrical items in a car?
0m 26m
Pg 23
26
DC Circuits Wiring Box
Build three different DC circuits using the test
box
Switch
Power Supply
Buzzer
Wire to turn Buzzer On/Off
Light
Switch
Wire to turn Light On/Off
Power Supply
Buzzer
Light
Switch
Wire to turn Light On in one direction and buzzer
on in other direction
Power Supply
Buzzer
Light
2m 28m
Pg 24
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Pass out
Direct Current Test Box Draw 3 different wiring
test circuits, then pass out boxes.
Switch
Power 12
Fuse
Buzzer
Light
National Scout Jamboree
1m 29m
Pg 25
28
Direct Current Test Box Draw Circuit to Switch
Buzzer On / Off - Instructor draws this one
first
Switch
Power 12
Fuse
Buzzer On
Buzzer
Light
National Scout Jamboree
Instructor ________
1m 30m
5m 40m
Pg 26
29
Direct Current Test Box Draw Circuit to Switch
Buzzer On / Off - Instructor draws this one
first
Switch
Power 12
Fuse
Buzzer On
Buzzer
Light
National Scout Jamboree
Instructor ________
1m 30m
5m 40m
Pg 26
30
Pass out
Direct Current Test Box Draw Circuit to Switch
Light On / Off
Switch
Power 12
Fuse
Light On
Buzzer
Light
National Scout Jamboree
Instructor ________
2m 32m
5m 45m
Pg 27
31
Direct Current Test Box Draw Circuit to Switch
Light On / Off
Switch
Power 12
Fuse
Light On
Buzzer
Light
National Scout Jamboree
Instructor ________
2m 32m
5m 45m
Pg 27
32
Pass out
Direct Current Draw Circuit to Turn Buzzer on in
one Direction and Light in other Direction
Switch
Power 12
Fuse
Light On
Buzzer On
Buzzer
Light
National Scout Jamboree
Instructor ________
Pass out boxes, connect 3 test circuits
3m 35m
5m 50m
Pg 28
33
Direct Current Draw Circuit to Turn Buzzer on in
one Direction and Light in other Direction
Switch
Power 12
Fuse
Light On
Buzzer On
Buzzer
Light
National Scout Jamboree
Instructor ________
Pass out boxes, connect 3 test circuits
3m 35m
5m 50m
Pg 28