URINARY SYSTEM

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URINARY SYSTEM

• Chapter 11

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Nephron

• Functional unit of the kidney
• 1 million reside in each kidney
• filter metabolic waste from blood
• Water, glucose amino acids are reabsorbed

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Nephron

• Nephron consists of
• Pair of arterioles
• Glomerulus
• Glomerular Capsule
• Proximal Capsule
• Loop of Henle
• Collecting Duct

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Formation of Urine

• Blood enters Renal arteries which is inside of
  the glomerular capsule
• Ina healthy nephron, protein nor RBC pass through
  the filter into glomerular capsule
• The proximal convoluted tubule absorbs nutrients
  and water. Some salt is absorbed

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Formation of Urine

• Nitrogen containing waste is excreted as urea and
  creatinine
• H ions are secreted into distal tubule
• Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormones regulate
  salt and water absorption
• Aldosterone is specific for salt and potassium
  retention

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Formation of Urine

• Urine from all collecting ducts empties into the
  renal pelvis

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Diseases of the Kidney

• Glomerulonephritis streptococcal infection of
  the throat or skin
• Antibody/antigen form complexes that become
  trapped within glomeruli and causes inflammation
• Albumin/RBC appear in the blood

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Vocabulary

• Albuminuria protein albumin in the urine
• Pyuria pus in the urine
• Hematuria- blood in the urine
• Cast coagulated protein and blood
• Uremia buildup of toxins in the blood
• Dysuria painful urination

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Renal Failure

• Unable to clear blood of urea/creatine
• BUN reflects the degree of renal failure
• GFR ability to clear creatinine
• Treat renal failure with dialysis

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Pyelonephritis

• Urinary tract infection
• Pyogenic bacteria (pus forming)
• Detected during urinalysis

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Pyelitis

• Common in young females
• Urethra is shorter
• Mircroorganisms from fecal contamination grow in
  urethra

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Renal Carcinoma

• Rare cancer
• 85 of all kidney cancers

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Kidney Stones

• Urinary caluli
• May cause UTI
• Calcium deposites compose 80 of all kidney
  stones
• Ureic acid composes 10 of kidney stones (gout)
• Treatment lithotripsy/crushing of stones
  hydrolithotripsy (sonic waves)

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Polycystic Kidney

• Congenital defect
• Dilated kidney tubules

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Cystitis

• Inflammation of the urinary bladder
• Common in women
• E. coli

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Carcinoma of the Bladder

• Caused by industrial chemicals and smoking

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Urethritis

• Inflammation of the urethra

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Incontinence

• Leaking bladder
• Sphincter muscle loses tone