1' Contemporary mapping

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1. Contemporary mapping

• GPS
• Remote sensing
• GIS

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GPS global positioning system a system that
accurately determines the precise position of
something on Earth
Global Positioning System (GPS)
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Remote sensing sensing the environment from a
distance acquiring data about Earths surface
from a satellite or aircraft
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GIS geographic information systems a computer
system that can capture, store, query, analyze,
and display geographic dataA combination of
computer cartography and database management
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2. Determining location

• Geographers use 4 ways to identify location
• Place name (toponym)
• Site
• Situation
• Mathematical location

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TOPONYMS
Toponyms can have cultural significance
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Problems with toponyms Duplicated Offensive
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Site and Situation
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Global Grid
Mathematical location
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Time Zones
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Deviations
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International Date Line
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Kiribati Adjustment
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US PLSS(Township and Range)
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Impact on Landscape
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Without USPLSS
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A region describes a larger area of Earth, rather
than a specific point An area of Earth defined
by one or more distinctive characteristics
DVD REGIONS OF THE WORLD
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A region derives its character through the
cultural landscape. Cultural landscape a
combination of cultural features, economic
features, and physical features The human
imprint on the physical world
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• Region types
• Formal
• Functional
• Vernacular

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Formal region an area within which everyone
shares in common one or more distinctive
characteristics (language, activity, climate)
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Functional region an area organized around a
node or focal point. The characteristic chosen
to define a functional region dominates at a
central focus or node and diminishes in
importance outward.
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Vernacular region a place that people believe
exists as part of their cultural identity
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3. Distribution
Geographers study the way people and things are
dispersed and distributed in places and around
the globe The arrangement of a feature in space
is known as its distribution. 3 main
properties Density Concentration Pattern
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Density the frequency with which something
occurs in space is its density Arithmetic
density the total number of objects in an area
(ex. population density)
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Concentration the extent of a features spread
over space is its concentration. Objects can be
clustered or dispersed.
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Pattern the geometric arrangement of objects in
space (pattern or random)
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4. Connections and diffusion
Over time, places become more connected to each
other. Rapid connections have reduced the
distance across space between places, not in
miles, but in time. We use the term space-time
compression to describe the reduction in the time
it takes for something to reach another place.
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Space-Time Compression
Columbus
Titanic
Lindbergh
John Glenn
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GlobalizationA product of space-time
compressionA process that results in making
something worldwide in scope
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Diffusion The process by which a characteristic
spreads across space from one place to another
over time.

• Relocation
• Expansion
• Hierarchical
• Contagious
• Stimulus

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Relocation diffusion the spread of an idea
through the physical movement of people from one
place to another.
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ENLIST NOWAUTOMATIC DIVORCES GRANTED!!!
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Expansion diffusion the spread of a feature
from one place to another in a snowballing
process. This may result from one of three
processes
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Hierarchical diffusion the spread of an idea
from persons or nodes of authority or power to
other persons or places
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Contagious diffusion the rapid, widespread
diffusion of a characteristic throughout the
population
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Stimulus diffusion the spread of an underlying
principle, even though a characteristic fails to
diffuse