CELLS

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CELLS

• By Miss Burd and Mrs. Tilicki

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CELLS all living things are made up of cells!

• Cells the basic unit of structure for our bodies

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Organelles

• Inside a cell are tiny cell structures called
  organelles.
• Each organelle carries out a specific function
  within a cell.

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Cell Wall in a plant cell

• Before you can enter a cell, you must pass
  through the cell wall.
• The cell wall is a rigid layer of nonliving
  material that surrounds the cells of plants and
  other organisms.
• The cell wall is made of cellulose.

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Animal cells have no cell wall

• Animal cell

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Cell Membrane

• All cells have a cell membrane.
• This is just inside the cell wall or on the
  outside of the cell without a wall it separates
  the cell from its environment.
• It controls what substances come into and out of
  a cell

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Cell Wall VS Cell Membrane

• The cell membrane is very thin.
• The cell wall is thick.
• The cell membrane is a living part of the cell.
• The cell wall is a nonliving part of the cell
• The cell wall gives shape to the cell.

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Nucleus

• The nucleus is the cells control center.
• It directs all of the cells activities.

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Nuclear Membrane

• The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane
  that protects the nucleus.

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Plant Cell
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Animal Cell
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Animal Cell VS Plant Cell

• Differences
• Plant cell has a cell wall
• Animal cell doesnt have a cell wall
• Plant cell has Chloroplasts
• Animal cell doesnt have Chloroplasts

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Chromatin

• Thin strands called Chromatin float in front of
  the nucleus.
• Chromatin contains genetic material (DNA) that
  directs the function of the cell.

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Organelles in the cytoplasm

• As you leave the nucleus, you find yourself in
  the cytoplasm of a cell.
• This is a forever moving jelly like substance
  that contains organelles that produce energy,
  build and transport needed materials and stores
  and recycles wastes.

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Mitochondria- powerhouse

• This organelle produces energy to help the cell
  function. The more active the cell, the more
  mitochondria it has.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Maze of passageways that carry proteins and other
  materials from one part of the cell to another.

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Ribosomes making a protein

• Attached to the surface of the endoplasmic
  reticulum are ribosomes. These ribosomes produce
  proteins and release them into the wall of the
  endoplasmic reticulum. They are then transported
  by Golgi Bodies.

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Golgi Bodies

• Golgi bodies are like the cells mail room.
• They receive proteins and other newly formed
  materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package
  them and distribute them to other parts of the
  cell.

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Chloroplasts

• Chloroplasts are found in the cytoplasm of plant
  cells.
• Chloroplasts capture the energy of the sun and
  use it to produce food for the plant.
• It is chloroplasts that give a plant its green
  color.

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Vacuoles

• Storage center for a cell. (Some animal cells
  dont have vacuoles.
• Store food and other materials needed.
• Sometimes store waste.
• In plants, store water when well watered, they
  are full when not well watered, the plant wilts.

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Lysosomes

• Small round particles that break down food.
• More common in animal than plant cells.
• Clean the cell!

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Bacterial cells

• Bacteria cells are smaller than animal and plant
  cells
• It does not contain a nucleus.
• It contains a cell membrane and a cell wall, but
  the only organelle is ribosomes.

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Bacteria Cells

• Bacteria live on and in animals and plants.
• Bacteria are used to make many of the dairy
  products you enjoy, including yogurt, cheese, and
  milk.
• There are more bacterial cells in your body than
  there are human body cells. Dead or weakened
  bacteria and virus are used for making helpful
  vaccines.
• Birds and other animals are common sources of
  pathogenic (disease causing) bacteria such as
  Salmonella and Campylobacter.

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Bacterial Cells

• Bacteria are the cause of diseases such as
  tetanus. Many bacterial diseases can be treated
  with specialized molecular compounds, known
  collectively as antibiotics.
• Most bacteria are good. 99 of all bacteria are
  helpful. Only a few cause disease.
• By breaking down dead organic matter like trees
  and other plants, bacteria help to make the
  nutrients available again to other living
  organisms.
• Scientists estimate that bacteria produce nearly
  half the oxygen found in the atmosphere.
• Bacteria play an important role in the cycling of
  minerals, by taking elemental materials such as
  nitrogen and carbon, and converting them into
  molecular compounds that can then be used by
  plants and animals.

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Bacterial Cells

• Some types of bacteria are used to break down oil
  after ecologically damaging oil spills.
• Helpful bacteria are used to purify water at
  sewage treatment plants.
• Some bacteria help our bodies with digestion and
  to produce needed vitamins. These bacteria also
  help us by destroying pathogenic bacteria that
  invade our bodies.
• Bacteria are found everywhere, from the deepest
  parts of the oceans to the tallest mountains on
  Earth.
• The air is full of bacteria. Some bacteria spend
  their whole lives in the atmosphere, reproducing
  and growing in the clouds above our heads.
• Bacteria love to live where the living is easy.
  Anything with dead or decaying matter is a great
  home for bacteria. We humans have millions of
  bacteria living in and on our bodies including
  our skin, our mouths, our intestines, and our
  stomachs.

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Virus

• Viruses are non-living microscopic particles that
  attack healthy cells within living things.
• Viruses are not alive, so they do not have a need
  for food like living things.
• Viruses do not have an organized cell structure.
• They are so light that they can float in the air
  or water, be passed on to other organisms if
  touched, and fit anywhere.

Virus - Influenza
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Specialized Cell There are many cells in plants
and animals that perform special functions.
Nerve Cell sends messages throughout your body.
Red blood cells are thin and flexible which
allows them to fit through tiny blood vessels.