Francisco de Goya y Lucientes 17461828

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Francisco de Goya y Lucientes 1746-1828
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Goya created

• About 500 oil paintings
• 280 lithographs and etchings (and he used the
  most modern methods)
• Nearly a thousand drawings

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His life can be divided into four stages

• Until 1793 slow rise to maturity
• 1793 illness that left him deaf and released
  pent up creative forces within him
• 1808 Napoleonic invasion and Goyas responses
  to the war.
• 1819 a second illness, he retires to the Quinta
  del Sordo, the Black Paintings

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First Stage Tapestry Cartoons

• Produced for the Royal Tapestry Factory (Charles
  III)
• Rococo tendencies in nature and pose of figures
• Girl seems to stare at spectator, giving a sense
  of realism
• Clothing implies social class
• Relationship between the two?
• Parasol?
• General impression?

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Blind Mans Bluff --1789
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Etchings after Velázquez
Las meninas 1773
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Saint Francis of Borgia at the Deathbed of an
Impenitent -- 1788

• The most sharply accurate vision of the collapse
  of the great religious and monarchic traditions
  of the West
• Turning point first use of the fantastic
• Emphasis on sinners naked body, expression
• Restless agony vs. pious zeal
• Rejection of idealized concept of expression
  (Neoclassicism)
• Emphasis on extremes

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Portraits

• Rich clothing
• All the insignias of royalty, powdered wig
• Face? Impression?
• Critique?

Charles IV -- 1789
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Queen María Luisa -- 1789

• Rich royal clothing
• Royal insignias
• Hair and hat?
• Face?
• Personality?
• Attitude of Goya towards her?

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The Straw Mannequin -- 1791
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Second Stage, after losing his hearing

• Yard of lunatics 1793
• Images of madness
• Enclosure
• Continuation of tendency begun with Saint Francis
  of Borgia
• Alienation and despair
• Movement
• Use of light
• Chaotic jumble of bodies

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The Caprichos (Caprices) 1799

• Series of 82 etchings
• Satirizing all aspects of society
• Aristocracy
• Church
• Greed
• Prostitution
• Marriage
• Folly
• Cruelty
• Etc.

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Descendant of donkeys
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Love and Death
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Caprice 43

• Marks a change in the series
• The Sleep/Dream of Reason Produces Monsters
• Neoclassical or Romantic?
• The sublime
• Nightmare visions

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1808 1814 Napoleon and the War of Independence
The 3rd of May, 1808
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The 3rd of May, 1808

• Conformity of soldiers, power conveyed by
  abstract shape
• Victims cover their eyes, pray
• Center man with outstretched arms crucifixion
• Concentration of light, color on man

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The disasters of the war

• Set of 82 etchings
• Realities of war
• Violence
• Savagery
• Rape
• murder

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The Colossus between 1808-1812

• Ambiguity of giant
• Ignorant, arrogant prince? (Ferdinand VII)
• Mountains the powerful
• Donkeynobility
• Hercules who rises up against Napoleon?
• Buried to above the knees
• Back to spectator
• Closed eyes

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Ferdinand VII

• El deseado (1814)
• Period of absolutism (1814-1820), persecution of
  liberals
• 1820-1823 constitutional monarchy (Intervention
  of 100,000 Sons of Saint Louis)
• 1823-1833 Ominous Decade

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Disparates or Proverbs (1816-1823)

• Not published until 1864
• Last great series of etchings
• Gives himself up to the irrational, nocturnal,
  fantastic, grotesque and terrifying

Disparate del miedo fear
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Los ensacados In sacks
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The Inquisition -- 1816
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Black Paintings 1820-1823
The witches Sabbath
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Dog on a leash or Dog fighting against the
current
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Fight with Cudgels
Stephen
Mark
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The Milkmaid from Bordeaux

• Goya in exile in Bordeaux
• Girl has a melancholy, dreamy, far away gaze
• Color greens and blues
• Influence on Impressionists