China Under Mao, 19491976

1
China Under Mao, 1949-1976

• Continuous Revolution or reconstruction?

2
Foreign relations the Korean War, 1950-53

• Washingtons indecision the hands-off policy,
  hoping for the Eastern Titoism
• Maos radical policy of anti-Americanism and
  lean to the Soviet Union only policy
• Maos visit to Moscow the Sino-Soviet Alliance
  Treaty of 1950
• North Koreas attack on the south, 6/50
• US-UN intervention counterattack (16 nations
  involved)
• PRCs entry into the war in 10/50, the war ended
  with the restoration of the 38th Parallel in 1953
• Hostility between US and China, North South
  Koreas continued http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kore
  an_War

3
Political Campaigns as Means of Power
Consolidation

• The Suppressing Anti-revolutionary campaign from
  GMD secret agents to drug dealers pimps were
  targeted, many publicly executed
• Three-anti followed by Five-anti campaigns
  targeting bureaucrats, corruption, wastefulness,
  etc.
• The functions of the Public Security Bureau and
  the Party Street Committee the Bao-Jia system of
  public control?
• Egalitarianism or communism?

4
Ownership Transformation the land ownership

• Land confiscation from landlords redistribution
  to peasants 40 land seized, 60 population
  benefit, 1 million killed
• The problem of land concentration tendency in a
  market place
• The states need for maximum control of
  agricultural sector
• The solution collectivization
• Mutual-assistance team
• Primitive-mature collectives
• Gradual transition in 15 years
• Maos push for faster transition in 1955 the
  little leap forward

5
Ownership Transformationthe urban area

• The bureaucratic capitalist sector the
  foundation of the state-own industries
• The nationalist capitalist sector installment
  payment to buy-out
• State-controlled material distribution,
  production, and marketing
• The Five Year Plan 1953-1958, the Soviet style
• The planned economy the theory and the reality

6
The Fate of Intellectuals

• Intellectuals were classified as petty
  bourgeoisie, needed to be re-educated by the
  proletariat or the peasants, the revolutionary
  classes
• Thought reform endless political study
  sessions to read designated texts, to do
  self-criticism, and to criticize others
  wrong thoughts and behavior. Brain-wash? An
  oversized Jim Jones camp?
• Coercion by example the Anti-Hu Feng Campaign,
  1955
• The Budapest uprising in 1956 Why didnt people
  like communism in Hungary?
• Maos self-confidence the Hundred Flower
  Movement in 1957 to encourage people to speak out
• The Anti-Rightist Campaign, 1957 millions
  intellectuals lives in ruin

7
The Great Leap Forward,1958-1861

• Mao overruled the Party on gradual
  transformation transforming the productive mode
  could result in increased productivity
• The Peoples Commune as a solution land, farm
  animals, labor all became the properties of the
  commune, family kitchen was replaced with
  communal canteens, husband wife lived in
  separate dorms,
• Coerced farming methods deep plowing dense
  planting ruined crops
• Coerced productive targets that existed only in
  the fantasy world falsely reported achievements
  became the basis for taxation cadres forced
  peasants to surrender food to fulfill the state
  quota,
• Massive labor mobilized for huge projects, while
  harvest was rotten in the field massive famine
  took 30 million lives
• Back yard furnace, a fantasy way to achieve the
  nations steel production,
• The War on sparrows a waste of human resource,
  offsetting the ecosystem, causing insects
  problems

8
The Taiwan Strait Crisis the Sino-Soviet Split

• The Taiwan Strait crisis of 1954-5 off-shore
  islands defense the US commitment, leading
  toward a nuclear brink that forced Mao to back
  down,
• The second crisis erupted in 1958, when Mao
  attempted to take over the off-shore islands
  again Washington prepared to use tactical
  nuclear war heads
• Maos challenge of Khrushchevs leadership in the
  international communist movement, attacking the
  Kremlin of revisionism, the betrayal of
  Marxism-Leninism in advocating peaceful
  co-existence
• Ideological polemic leading to an open split in
  early 1960s and Soviet withdrawal of experts and
  economic assistance, to the border war in later
  1960s

9
Maos Personality Cult Tyranny In the CCP

• The Lushan Conference of 1959 Peng Dehuai, the
  Defense Minister, and his associates were purged,
  when they disagreed with Mao on the GLP
• Mao was unpredictable and switch his policy often
  erratically, the Central Committee secretly
  installed listening device in order to follow his
  thoughts
• Mao retreated to the second line in 1962,
  letting Liu Shaoqi Deng Xiaoping to fix the
  problems created by the GLP, but continued to
  control the Partys policy
• The Socialist Education Movement, 1962-66
• Maos re-emphasis on the class struggle,
  attacking Moscows post-Stalin policy
• The appalling behavior of the CCP cadres shocked
  the leadership, Mao thought it as a form of class
  struggle
• Liu was in charge of daily business of the SEM,
  argued with Mao on the nature of the movement in
  1964, Liu was to be purged in the Cultural
  Revolution
• The question of Maos mental condition
  narcissistic personality disorder?