Taenia solium

1
Taenia solium

• Ashley Tharayil
• 11/27/2006

2
Review

• Pork tapeworm
• Transmitted by eating undercooked pork

3
Review

• 2.) taeniasis digestive tract
• Develops when adult tapeworm infects human
  intestine
• 3-6 feet long
• Asymptomatic but continuous source of eggs in the
  feces

• 1.) cysticerosis muscle tissues
• Eggs cross digestive tract, enter circulation,
  and lodge in muscle tissues
• If its in the brain its neurocysticerosis

4
DISCOVERY

• Worms, in general, mentioned in pre-renaissance
  text.
• Linnaeus identified and named T.solium

5
HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS

• De Taenia Humana (Plitz) and Taenia
  media-canellata, offer insights about T.
  solium.(info on where and how the worm lives)

6

• George Kennedy Frink
• Hippocrates was the first person to identify T.
  Solium.
• another ancient Greek, Pallas, the first to
  discover that parasites ("entezoa") "sprung from
  similar parents"

7
What effect do cultural practices have on the
Pork tapeworm?

• Diet!!
• eating Pork increases prevalence(if poor
  sanitation)
• Not eating pork decreases prevalence
• Very little prevalence in Islamic/Judaic countries

8
Prevalence

• T. solium are high in Mexico, Central and South
  America, Africa, Asia, Spain, and Portugal.
• Countries where people like to eat their meat
  undercooked (like some parts of Europe and Asia)
  have high infection rates

9
EFFECT OF MIGRATIONS

• Very rare in the U.S.
• Only cases are from immigrants/travelers
• Same in Islamic countries

10
Practices that can increase prevalence

• Extensive or free range pig rearing
• Outdoor human defecation near/in pig rearing
  areas
• Use of pigs as sanitary policemen
• Pig style privies
• Using night soil and the OBVIOUS..
• Eating undercooked pork

11
Treatment?

• Cysticercosis outside the central nervous system
  is treated surgically
• niclosamide
• praziquantel
• albendazole

12
Niclosamide

• Niclosamide is used to specifically treat
  tapeworms
• Chewable tablet
• Side effects
• abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea, and emesis.
  Rarely, dizziness, skin rash, drowsiness, and an
  unpleasant taste

13
Praziquantel

• the permeability of the membranes of parasite
  cells. The drug thereby induces contraction of
  the parasites resulting in paralysis in the
  contracted state
• Side effects abdominal pain, drowsiness,
  headache, dizziness, fatigue, diarrhea,sweating,
  fever, arthalgia, etc.

14
Albendazole

• Drug indicated for the treatment of a variety of
  worm infestations
• Side effects birth defects, liver problems, in
  eye patients treated for neurocysticercosis can
  cause eye lesions

15
Work Cited

• http//www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2
  001/taeniasis/solium2.htmlepidemiology
• http//www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2
  006/Taenia_solium/History20of20Discovery.html
• http//www.path.cam.ac.uk/schisto/Tapes/Taenia.ht
  ml
• www.cdc.gov/taeniasolium
• http//www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articl
  ekey5706
• http//medinfo.ufl.edu/year2/mmid/bms5300/bugs/tae
  nsoli.html

16
QUIZ TIME!!!
17

• Who first identified T.solium?
• Carl Linnaeus
• Name two 19th C.E. books that synthesized info on
  T.solium?
• De Taenia Humana (Plitz) and Taenia
  media-canellata
• Name 4 countries where T.solium is most prevalent
• Mexico, Central and South America, Africa, Asia,
  Spain, and Portugal.

18

• What was the Bible reading?
• Levit.11
• Name the three drugs used for treatment
• Niclosamide, praziquantel ,albendazole