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• A brief paper specially prepared for the
• IAOS Satellite Meeting on
• Small and Indigenous Population
• Wellington, New Zealand
• 14 15 April 2005
• Prepared by Samisoni Fotu Senior
  Statistical Assistant
  
• Population Social Statistics Division
• Department of Statistics, Tonga

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• Summary of Presentation
• Background
• Census
• Census Design
• Changes for the 1996 Census
• Statistical Geography
• Units of Enumeration
• Enumeration
• Publicity
• Post-Enumeration Survey
• Census Outputs
• Census Preparation for 2006

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(No Transcript)
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Census Taking in Tonga and Related Issues

• Background
• History of Census taking as far back as the late
  nineteenth century.
  
• From 1956 until the present Census (1996)
  conducted regularly each 10 years
  
• Tonga has a population of 97,784 (1996 Census)
  with a growth rate of 3 percent.
  

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• Census
• The Census is conducted under the authority of
  the Statistics Act, Chapter 53 Section 8.
  
• A Census Steering Committee
• reviews the plans and arrangements for the
  Census
  
• makes suggestions for their improvement and
• coordinates between the Census organization and
  the organizations they represent.
  

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• Census Design
• The broad design is the same as earlier censuses
  so that comparability is retained.
  
• A preliminary interview is conducted immediately
  before the Census.
  
• A second interview is conducted immediately after
  to confirm the information collected in the first
  interview.
  
• Last two Censuses (1986 and 1996) included all
  persons who were actually in Tonga or Tongan
  territorial waters on Census night.
  

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• Changes for the 1996 Census
• Changes in the questionnaire and some concepts
  modified due to the needs of the users, national
  plans and policy needs.
  
• Mapping of census blocks to assist enumeration
  was greatly improved.
  
• Appropriate computer hardware and software were
  available in the Department.
  
• Trained staff in Census data processing enabling
  the processing of the entire Census in Tonga.

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• Statistical Geography
• For the 1996 Population Census, modern mapping
  equipment was acquired from Australia for drawing
  of Census block maps.
  
• Tonga consists of 171 Islands and only 48 are
  inhabited.
  
• Tonga is divided into five main divisions
• Tongatapu, Vavau, Haapai, Eua and the Niuas.
• There were Census Headquarters in each island
  division.
  
• 23 Districts and 169 Villages in Tonga including
  42 small islands.
  
• 442 census block maps for the whole of Tonga with
  each census block assigned to enumerator.

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Statistical Geography (continued)

• Census block maps showed essential features and
  clear boundaries, as well as useful features such
  as churches and roads that would help enumerators
  locate households and buildings shown on the
  map.
• Prelisting exercise - enumerators identified
  every household within a census block, locating
  households by numbers on the map and establishing
  the name of the head of household.

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• Units of Enumeration
• Individual
• Household
• Household definition Those persons who usually
  eat together and share the work of preparing the
  food/or the cost or work of providing it.
  
• Definition is based on eating together rather
  than on living or sleeping in the same building.
  
• A household may be found in a variety of forms.
  Members of the family may sleep in two or even
  more buildings but share one place to cook and
  eat.

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• Enumeration
• A supervisor was assigned to each of the 23
  Districts.
  
• A Senior Statistical Officer assisted the
  Government Statistician stationed at the Census
  Headquarters.
  
• Each Island Division had a Census Headquarter
  Supervisor to oversee the Census operation by
  Island Division, etc.
  

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• Enumeration (continued)
• School teachers plus temporary staff were used as
  enumerators and supervisors assisted by members
  of the staff of the Statistics Department.
  
• A team of trained statistical clerks in the
  Statistics Department were on standby for
  assistance with enumeration.
  
• Enumerators passed completed questionnaires to
  the supervisors for finalization.
  
• Supervisors provided guidance to ensure that
  coverage was complete and checked questionnaires
  for accuracy.
  

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• Publicity
• Intensive publicity program began months before
  actual enumeration.
  
• The press and radio played an important role in
  creating public awareness of the Census and its
  purposes.
  
• Posters and television were also used.
• Census logo was Be counted and a Census theme
  song was composed and broadcasted on Radio.
  

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• Post-Enumeration Survey
• Two Census Blocks were used for post-enumeration
  (an urban area and a rural area).
  

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• Data Processing
• Forms were checked and responses coded for data
  entry.
  
• Data entry was performed by the staff members of
  the Statistics Department.
  
• 1996 Census was the first to be completely
  processed, analyzed and reported in Tonga.
  
• Data entry, editing and tabulation of Census
  results were done using Integrated Microcomputer
  Processing System (IMPS) for the first time.
  
• US Bureau of Census assisted with the data
  processing and writing the final editing of the
  Census database.
  

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• Census Outputs
• Tabulations
• Set of General Tables were produced using IMPS
  and imported to Excel for final formatting.
  
• Demographic and migration tables were produced
  for further analysis.
  
• 2. Census Data Analysis
• Data analysis and the demographic analysis were
  jointly conducted by the Statistics Department
  and the Population Advisor from the Secretariat
  of the Pacific Community (SPC).
• A migration series, a household series and
  demographic series were produced.

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• 3. Census Report
• Main Census Report in January, 1999.
• Three Census Bulletins in October 1999
• Household Characteristics
• Internal Migration and
• Demographic Analysis
• Census results were released on a weekly basis
  via the paper, radio and TV to inform the public.
  
  
• 4. Census Dissemination
• A series of User Workshops presented the results
  of the 1996 Population Census to the major users
  
  
• Government Ministries Department
• Quasi-Government Organizations,
• High Commissions Embassies,
• Secondary Schools,
• Non Government Organizations,
• Media and the Public.

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• Census Preparation for 2006
• Preparation began in April 2004.
• Preparation of Census Proposal and
  budgetary requirements
  
• Establishment of Steering Committee

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• MALÖ AUPITO
• THANK YOU

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