Professor Sam Posten III

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Professor Sam Posten III
samuel.posten_at_ilex.com
IT 102 Section 50
Class Session 8 Internet Infrastructure
http//zorak.monmouth.edu/posten/class8.ppt
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AGENDA

• Networking Hardware
• Ethernet cards and cabling
• Routers/Hubs etc
• Internet Service Providers
• Networking Software
• TCP/IP
• DNS
• HTTP / HTML
• TELNET
• FTP

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Networking Hardware

• In order to have a direct connection to a Local
  Area Network (LAN) you need an Ethernet card,
  which plugs into an expansion slot on the
  motherboard.
• Ethernet cables connect your machine with the
  others in your LAN to a Hub or Router. They look
  like fat phone cords.
• The Hub or Router you use uplinks to a larger
  network which connects to even larger networks,
  eventually connecting to one of the major
  Internet Backbones.
• The Backbones are run by major telecommunications
  companies.

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Networking Hardware continued

• If you want to connect to the Internet from
  home, you need an Internet Service Provider
  (ISP).
• Some ISPs, AOL for example, use telephone
  connections at slow speed. The device that
  talks and listens on the phone line is called
  a Modulator/Demodulator, MODEM for short.
• Other ISPs, _at_Home for example, use high speed
  Cable MODEMs or DSL connections via an Ethernet
  card in your machine. These high speed
  connections are called Broadband

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TCP/IP

• Regardless of what type of ISP you use, most
  Internet traffic today is formatted by the
  Transmission Control Protocol and Internet
  Protocol, collectively called TCP/IP.
• TCP/IP is the worldwide standard for Internet
  communications. It turns every bit of data into
  a packet, determines the route between the
  sender and destination, and ensures that it gets
  there correctly. If a packet doesnt arrive on
  time, it ensures that a copy is sent.
• TCP/IP is VERY different from a telephone
  connection, there is no permanent route between 2
  places and packets arrive out of order.

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DNS

• Every destination on the Internet has its own
  number, and most have a human readable name
  associated with it. For example our mail
  machine, zorak.monmouth.edu is also numbered
  10.11.0.6 Both are called its IP address.
• The translation between name and number happens
  via a protocol called the Domain Name Service, or
  DNS. The machine Zorak is part of a domain
  called monmouth.edu Monmouth University BOUGHT
  the domain name via registering the name with a
  company such as Verisign.
• Anyone who wants one can buy a Domain Name, but
  you have to make sure what Top Level Domain you
  want before you buy it. Monmouth.edu is in the
  edu TLD. Other TLDs include .com, .biz, .net.
  .mil, .org and more
• There is a monmouth.edu, monmouth.com, and
  monmouth.mil all with different owners!

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DNS continued

• There are other machines and services on our
  local network, serviced by the monmouth.edu
  domain, such as starbase, moncol, and bluehawk,
  we get to these services by combining the two
  names, such as starbase.monmouth.edu
• Even small services like printers are given their
  own distinctive IP addresses!
• When you want to locate the home page of a
  particular domain on the Internet, you simply
  type the domain into the Location area on your
  browser. The service name, machine name, domain
  name, and file name all combine into one entity
  called the Uniform Resource Locator, or URL. The
  following is a COMPLET URL with the proper
  header.
• http//zorak.monmouth.edu/posten/class9.ppt

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HTTP HTML

• The Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, or HTTP is the
  service we use to request files from servers over
  the internet. HTTP formats all of the multimedia
  information together into a series of packets and
  reassembles them for us on our client machine.
• Web pages are formatted in a variety of standard
  ways, particularly via the Hyper Text Markup
  Language, or HTML. HTML is a standard way of
  formatting multimedia information onto a page and
  displaying it consistently for all viewers. HTML
  uses a series of TAGS to describe what happens to
  data, for example ltigt Hello world! lt/igt Would
  display Hello World in italics, like so Hello
  World!
• Most importantly, HTML allows us to embed Hot
  Links, or Links, into our documents. When a text
  or graphic area containing a Hot Link is left
  clicked, a new page will be requested over the
  internet.
• HTML can support interactive content from
  technologies like Java, AJAX, Silverlight, Flash
  and more

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Telnet

• Often we need to control computers over the
  internet from our client machines. There isnt a
  universal standard for doing this graphically
  yet, tho tools like PC Anywhere do a good job of
  it. There IS a universal way to connect between
  machines using text communications, and this tool
  is called Telnet.
• By Telnetting from one machine to another, you
  can make that remote computer perform actions,
  but you must use explicit commands that it
  understands. You cannot use the mouse at all for
  control!
• We use Telnet in this class to check our mail.
  While this is a very arcane way of doing
  things, you never know when you will encounter a
  machine that has no graphical capabilities and
  still want to check and see if you got messages.
  It is a good way of seeing how things used to
  work, and how much easier things are today.

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FTP

• We also have a standardized method of sending and
  receiving individual files over the internet,
  this tool is called the File Transfer Protocol or
  FTP.
• FTP uses text commands similar to Telnet to
  direct file transfers, however Windows Explorer
  has simplified this by integrating Mouse Control
  and clipboard access.

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