TAKS Review

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TAKS Review

• Human Systems

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For each system you should

• Recognize a picture of the system
• Be able to describe its function
• Relate systems to each other

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Skeletal System

• Function
• Provides a framework for the tissue of the body
• Protects the various structures/organs such as
  spinal cord, lungs, and heart.
• Muscles are anchored to the bones to allow for
  movement.
• Bones also produce blood cells, and store vital
  minerals.

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Muscular System
Functions Movement Warmth Posture

• Smooth muscle allows for the contraction of
  organs (moves food along the intestines) and
  blood vessels (pushes blood through).
• Cardiac muscle is responsible for the pumping of
  the heart.
• Skeletal muscle allows for all movement of the
  body.

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Practice Question

• Which of the following is directly caused by
  muscle action?
• A Regeneration of nerves
• B Healing of wounds
• C Release of hormones
• D Extension of limbs

D
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Circulatory System

• Transport blood to every part of the body.
• Blood carries gases, nutrients, and waste
  products to and from muscles and organs.
• What systems does the circulatory system interact
  with?

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Immune System
Remember White Blood Cells are involved in the
immune response. HIV attacks Helper T cells.
Because Helper T cells alert other WBCs of an
infection, and they are destroyed by HIV, people
with AIDS die of everyday illnesses.

• The lymph nodes and lymph vessels help to filter
  out antigens (disease causing microorganisms).
• The tonsils, thymus gland, spleen, and bone
  marrow are also involved in the immune system.
• Many immune cells (like WBCs, Helper T cells and
  macrophages) travel throught the body in the
  blood.
• The function of the immune system is to protect
  the body from infections and antigens.

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• NORMAL IMMUNE RESPONSE

Macrophages are street cops
Gets the call
BAD GUY (pathogen)
Macrophages arrest bad guys and call for backup.
Sends help to arrest and destroy pathogen
HELPER T CELL
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• How HIV infects.

Macrophages are street cops
No one answers
BAD GUY (pathogen)
Macrophages arrest bad guys and call for backup.
HIV KILLS HELPER T Cells
NO ONE sends help to arrest and destroy pathogen
HELPER T CELL
PATHOGEN NOT DESTROYED
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Respiratory System

• Provides the bodys organs and muscles with
  oxygen, and also to dispels carbon dioxide
  (cellular waste) from the body.

• Tiny air sacs called alveoli are where gas
  exchange occurs with the blood.

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Digestive System

• The function of the digestive system is to digest
  food and provide nutrients to the body. It also
  helps to regulate metabolism, as well as
  eliminate solid wastes.

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Practice Question

• How is the circulatory system related to the
  digestive system?
• A The brain stem controls the heart rate.
• B Blood carries nutrients to body cells.
• C Stomach muscles contract and expand.
• D The pharynx is a passageway for air and food.

B
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Practice Question

• Nutrients from digested food move from the
  digestive system directly into the
• A circulatory system
• B integumentary system
• C excretory system
• D endocrine system

A
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Practice Question

• Because chewing begins the breakdown of food
  before it is swallowed, digestion starts in the
  mouth and throat. Which of the following systems
  aids most in this early stage of digestion?
• A Immune system
• B Excretory system
• C Muscular system
• D Respiratory system

C
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Practice Question

• The small intestine is to nutrient absorption as
  the blood is to nutrient ---
• A assimilation
• B distribution
• C regulation
• D elimination

B
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Practice Question

• According to this information, some organs of the
  gastrointestinal tract
• A fit in more than one organ system
• B perform only one function at a time
• C supply the body with platelets
• D produce soluble vitamins

A
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Excretory System

• Excretion is the removal of metabolic wastes from
  the body, including toxic chemicals, excess
  water, carbon dioxide and salts.
• Excretory Organs
• Skin
• Lungs
• Kidneys

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Practice Question

• How is the excretory system most likely to
  respond when an animal is thirsty?
• A By relaxing the smooth muscles
• B By retaining body fluids
• C By absorbing heat from lymph glands
• D By releasing hormones

B
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Reproductive System

• Structure
• The FEMALE reproductive system consists of the
  ovaries (produce eggs), fallopian tubes, the
  uterus, and the vagina.

Structure The MALE reproductive system - testis
(produce sperm), vas deferens (tube to transport
sperm), urethra (continuation of vas deferens),
and the penis.
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Endocrine System

• Function Consists of glands that secrete
  hormones. These hormones play a key role in the
  regulation of digestion, metabolism, growth, and
  homeostasis.
• Structure network of glands including the
  pituitary, thyroid, thymus, pancreas, testes,
  ovaries, adrenal, and parathyroid glands.

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Nervous System

• Central Nervous System Brain and spinal cord
  control and coordinate functions throughout the
  body
• Peripheral Nervous System Neurons are
  specialized cells that transmit impulses
  throughout the body to send messages.

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Integumentary System

• Function Maintain equilibrium (homeostasis)
  within the body.
• regulating body temperature.
• protective layer to the underlying tissues.
• Structure Consists of the skin (dermis and
  epidermis), hair, and nails

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Practice Question

• The medulla, part of the brain stem, reacts
  quickly to increased levels of CO2 in the blood
  and stimulates a response from the
• A excretory system
• B immune system
• C respiratory system
• D integumentary system

C
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Practice Question

• Which system is responsible for producing enzymes
  that aid in breaking down substances to be
  absorbed for the bodys growth and repair?
• F Digestive system
• G Reproductive system
• H Respiratory system
• J Skeletal system

F
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Practice Question

• Which system of the body would be directly
  affected if a large number of T cells were
  attacked by a virus?
• Cardiovascular
• Immune
• Endocrine
• Respiratory

B
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Practice Question

• Pelicans prevent serious wing damage by entering
  the water in the manner shown above. Which two
  organ systems in the pelican work together the
  most to accomplish this maneuver?
• A Circulatory and nervous systems
• B Nervous and muscular systems
• C Muscular and digestive systems
• D Digestive and circulatory systems

B
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Practice Question

• Hemoglobin carries oxygen to body cells.
• Which body system contains hemoglobin?
• A Circulatory system
• B Respiratory system
• C Endocrine system
• D Nervous system

C
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Practice Question

• When a person is frightened by a wild animal,
  some organ systems immediately become active,
  while others are suppressed. Which of these
  systems is likely to be suppressed?
• A Muscular system
• B Respiratory system
• C Endocrine system
• D Digestive system

D
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Practice Question

• Which structure in the upper arm is responsible
  for raising the lower arm?
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

C
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Practice Question

• Red marrow is the principal tissue that produces
  red blood cells in humans. In which body system
  is red marrow found?
• Integumentary system
• Respiratory system
• Nervous system
• J. Skeletal system

J