ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

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ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS AND SPS
MEASURES FISH/FISH PRODUCTS ----- EXPERIENCE
IN AFRICA.
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• 1) Importance of Fish trade
• Foreign exchange
• Employment (direct/indirect) incomes
• - poverty reduction
• EU main importer of fish/fish products from
  Africa therefore
• maintaining access to this market is key.
• EU rules on fish/fish products standards
• - EU has enacted specific legislation on
  fishery products
• (pesticide residues, heavy metals, food
  additives, packaging etc).
• Directive 91/493/EEC
• - health conditions for production/marketing of
  fishery products
• on EU markets.

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• Exporting countries must have
• - equivalent legislation to EU
• - Competent Authority (CA) to approve all
  processes
• (production to mrkt) exporting firms
  guaranteed safety of products.
• 3) WTO Agreement on SPS
• - ensures that SPS measures do not cause
  adverse effect to trade -
• act as non tariff barriers (NTB) to trade.
• 4) African Concerns
• - NTBs to trade.
• - experience of export losses due to failure
  to comply with
• mrkt requirements.
• capacity to comply not non-compliance.

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• EU fish import restrictions on African countries
• Issue Affected Ctries Source
• Salmonellae K,TU 97/272/EC (K)
• in Nile Perch 97/273/EC (U)
• from Lake Victoria 97/274/EC (T)
• (1997)
• Outbreak of Cholera K,T,U,M 98/84/EC
• (no scientific evidence
• insufficient measures by
• CA) (1998)
• Fish Poisoning K,T,U 1999/253/EC
• (1999)
• 57 on part 1 (EC-harmonized countries)
  Tanzania and Uganda
• 45 on part II Kenya and Mozambique

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• Impact of restrictions
• Impact Kenya Tanzania Mozambique Uganda
• Fall in foreign ? ?
  ? ?
• exchange
• Loss of - ? ?
  ? ?
• employment/income
• Factory operations ? ?
  ? ?
• below capacity/
• closed.

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• Impact Kenya Tanzania Mozambique Uganda
• Loss of ? ?
  ?
• popularity
• for Nile Perch
• Increased ? ?
  ? ?
• compliancy costs
• (upgrading sites,
• capacities)