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ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

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EU main importer of fish/fish products from Africa therefore ... act as non tariff barriers (NTB) to trade. 4) African Concerns - NTBs to trade. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS


1
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS AND SPS
MEASURES FISH/FISH PRODUCTS ----- EXPERIENCE
IN AFRICA.
2
  • 1) Importance of Fish trade
  • Foreign exchange
  • Employment (direct/indirect) incomes
  • - poverty reduction
  • EU main importer of fish/fish products from
    Africa therefore
  • maintaining access to this market is key.
  • EU rules on fish/fish products standards
  • - EU has enacted specific legislation on
    fishery products
  • (pesticide residues, heavy metals, food
    additives, packaging etc).
  • Directive 91/493/EEC
  • - health conditions for production/marketing of
    fishery products
  • on EU markets.

3
  • Exporting countries must have
  • - equivalent legislation to EU
  • - Competent Authority (CA) to approve all
    processes
  • (production to mrkt) exporting firms
    guaranteed safety of products.
  • 3) WTO Agreement on SPS
  • - ensures that SPS measures do not cause
    adverse effect to trade -
  • act as non tariff barriers (NTB) to trade.
  • 4) African Concerns
  • - NTBs to trade.
  • - experience of export losses due to failure
    to comply with
  • mrkt requirements.
  • capacity to comply not non-compliance.

4
  • EU fish import restrictions on African countries
  • Issue Affected Ctries Source
  • Salmonellae K,TU 97/272/EC (K)
  • in Nile Perch 97/273/EC (U)
  • from Lake Victoria 97/274/EC (T)
  • (1997)
  • Outbreak of Cholera K,T,U,M 98/84/EC
  • (no scientific evidence
  • insufficient measures by
  • CA) (1998)
  • Fish Poisoning K,T,U 1999/253/EC
  • (1999)
  • 57 on part 1 (EC-harmonized countries)
    Tanzania and Uganda
  • 45 on part II Kenya and Mozambique

5
  • Impact of restrictions
  • Impact Kenya Tanzania Mozambique Uganda
  • Fall in foreign ? ?
    ? ?
  • exchange
  • Loss of - ? ?
    ? ?
  • employment/income
  • Factory operations ? ?
    ? ?
  • below capacity/
  • closed.

6
  • Impact Kenya Tanzania Mozambique Uganda
  • Loss of ? ?
    ?
  • popularity
  • for Nile Perch
  • Increased ? ?
    ? ?
  • compliancy costs
  • (upgrading sites,
  • capacities)
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